Renal Decapsulation Prevents Intrinsic Renal Compartment Syndrome in Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Physiologic Approach.

OBJECTIVES: Acute kidney injury is a serious complication with unacceptably high mortality that lacks of specific curative treatment. Therapies focusing on the hydraulic behavior have shown promising results in preventing structural and functional renal impairment, but the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. Our goal is to assess the effects of renal decapsulation on regional hemodynamics, oxygenation, and perfusion in an ischemic acute kidney injury experimental model. METHODS: In piglets, intra renal pressure, renal tissue oxygen pressure, and dysoxia markers were measured in an ischemia-reperfusion group with intact kidney, an ischemia-reperfusion group where the kidney capsule was removed, and in a sham group. RESULTS: Decapsulated kidneys displayed an effective reduction of intra renal pressure, an increment of renal tissue oxygen pressure, and a better performance in the regional delivery, consumption, and extraction of oxygen after reperfusion, resulting in a marked attenuation of acute kidney injury progression due to reduced structural damage and improved renal function. CONCLUSIONS: Our results strongly suggest that renal decapsulation prevents the onset of an intrinsic renal compartment syndrome after ischemic acute kidney injury.

Differences in the composition and predicted functions of the intestinal microbiome of obese and normal weight adult dogs.

Obesity is a multifactorial nutritional disorder highly prevalent in dogs, observed in developed and developing countries. It is estimated that over 40% of the canine population suffers from obesity, which manifests in an increased risk of chronic osteoarticular, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. The intestinal microbiome of obese animals shows increases in the abundance of certain members capable of extracting energy from complex polysaccharides. The objective of this study was to compare the composition and predicted function of the intestinal microbiome of Chilean obese and normal weight adult dogs. Twenty clinically healthy dogs were classified according to their body condition score (BCS) as obese (n = 10) or normal weight (n = 10). DNA was extracted from stool samples, followed by next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region and bioinformatics analysis targeting microbiome composition and function. Significant differences were observed between these groups at the phylum level, with anincrease in Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteroidetes in obese dogs. Microbiome compositions of these animals correlated with their BCS, and obese dogs showed enrichment in pathways related to transport, chemotaxis, and flagellar assembly. These results highlight the differences in the gut microbiome between normal weight and obese dogs and prompt further research to improve animal health by modulating the gut microbiome.

Assessment of Changes in the Oral Microbiome That Occur in Dogs with Periodontal Disease.

The oral microbiome in dogs is a complex community. Under some circumstances, it contributes to periodontal disease, a prevalent inflammatory disease characterized by a complex interaction between oral microbes and the immune system. Porphyromonas and Tannerella spp. are usually dominant in this disease. How the oral microbiome community is altered in periodontal disease, especially sub-dominant microbial populations is unclear. Moreover, how microbiome functions are altered in this disease has not been studied. In this study, we compared the composition and the predicted functions of the microbiome of the cavity of healthy dogs to those with from periodontal disease. The microbiome of both groups clustered separately, indicating important differences. Periodontal disease resulted in a significant increase in Bacteroidetes and reductions in Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Porphyromonas abundance increased 2.7 times in periodontal disease, accompanied by increases in Bacteroides and Fusobacterium. It was predicted that aerobic respiratory processes are decreased in periodontal disease. Enrichment in fermentative processes and anaerobic glycolysis were suggestive of an anaerobic environment, also characterized by higher lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. This study contributes to a better understanding of how periodontal disease modifies the oral microbiome and makes a prediction of the metabolic pathways that contribute to the inflammatory process observed in periodontal disease.

The role of motivation and life satisfaction on chilean university students' physical activity and sedentary behavior / O papel da motivação e satisfação com a vida na atividade física e comportamento sedentário de estudantes universitários chilenos

ABSTRACT Motivation is a fundamental element for the practice of physical activity and the feeling of satisfaction with life. However, little is known about the role of such psychological variables in the lifestyle of Chilean university students. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between life satisfaction and the regulations of motivation and to compare such variables by physical activity level and sedentary behaviour of university students. The sample comprised 95 Chilean university students (63.2% female), with a mean age of 20.92 ± 1.98 years. The instruments were the IPAQ, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire. Descriptive measures, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Student's t-tests were used to analyse the data. The results revealed positive and significant correlations between life satisfaction and intrinsic (r = 0,44), integrated (r = 0,38), and identified (r = 0,41) regulation. Students with high levels of physical activity scored higher for intrinsic, integrated, and identified regulation. Those who reported low sedentary behaviour showed higher identified regulation. Therefore, it is suggested that students' motivational regulation may differ on some dimensions as those with higher levels of physical activity show more adaptive motivational regulation. Identified regulation also seems to play an important role in decreasing sedentary behaviour.

RESUMO A motivação é elemento fundamental para a prática de atividade física e o sentimento de satisfação com a vida. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre o papel de tais variáveis psicológicas no estilo de vida de estudantes universitários chilenos. Este estudo teve como objetivos analisar as relações entre a satisfação com a vida e as regulações da motivação, e comparar tais variáveis em função do nível de atividade física e do comportamento sedentário de estudantes universitários. A amostra foi composta por 95 estudantes universitários chilenos (63,2% do gênero feminino), com idade média de 20,92 ± 1,98 anos. Os instrumentos avaliados foram o IPAQ, a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida e o Questionário de Regulação do Comportamento do Exercício. Medidas descritivas, coeficientes de correlação de Pearson e testes t de Student foram utilizados para analisar os dados. Os resultados revelaram correlações positivas e significativas entre satisfação com a vida e regulação intrínseca (r = 0,44), integrada (r = 0,38) e identificada (r = 0,41). Os estudantes com alto nível de atividade física obtiveram maiores pontuações para regulação intrínseca, integrada e identificada. Os indivíduos que reportaram menor comportamento sedentário possuíam maior regulação identificada. Desse modo, sugere-se que a regulação motivacional dos estudantes pode ser diferente em algumas dimensões, sendo que os indivíduos com maior nível de atividade física semanal demonstram regulações motivacionais mais adaptativas. A regulação identificada também parece desempenhar um papel importante para a redução do comportamento sedentário.

Traducción y adaptación del "Quality of Life in the Dysarthric Speaker" (QOL-DYS) para su uso en usuarios chilenos con disartria / Translation and adaptation of "Quality of Life in the Dysarthric Speaker" (QOL-DYS) for Chilean users with dysarthria

INTRODUCTION: the QOL-DYS is a self-report questionnaire that measures health-related quality of life in individuals with dysarthria. It is available in Italian, American English and European Portuguese. There is no version for Chilean Spanish that documents evidence of content validity. OBJECTIVE: to determine the content validity of the QOL-DYS instrument, translated and transculturally adapted for Chilean users with dysarthria. METHODS: instru-mental study. A transcultural translation and adaptation of the questionnaire is carried out using the translation-backtranslation procedure and the items are modified based on the target population. Then, the formal quality, pertinence and relevance of the 40 item scale of the QOL-DYS are analyzed through expert judgment. RESULTS: all statements have a relative frequency equal to or greater than 62.5%, when jointly analyzing the levels Agree and Strongly agree in the assessment by experts of formal quality, pertinence and relevance. CONCLUSIONS: a version of the translated and adapted QOL-DYS for Chilean users with dysarthria is documented, with evidence of content validity. This study aims to promote the evaluation of the quality of life in users with dysarthria and promote instrumental studies in speech therapy.

INTRODUCCIÓN: el QOL-DYS es un cuestionario de autorreporte que mide la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en individuos con disartria. Se encuentra disponible en italiano, inglés norteamericano y portugués europeo, y no se dispone de una versión para el español de Chile que documente evidencias de validez de contenido. OBJETIVO: determinar la validez de contenido del instrumento QOL-DYS, traducido y adaptado transculturalmente, para su uso en usuarios chilenos con disartria. MÉTODOS: estudio de carácter instrumental. Se realiza una traducción y adaptación transcultural del cuestionario mediante el procedimiento traducción-retrotraducción y se modifican los ítems en base a la población objetivo. Luego, se analiza la calidad formal, pertinencia y relevancia de los 40 enunciados del QOL-DYS mediante juicio de expertos. RESULTADOS: la totalidad de los enunciados presenta una frecuencia relativa igual o superior al 62,5% al analizar conjuntamente los niveles De acuerdo y Totalmente de acuerdo en la valoración por los expertos de la calidad formal, pertinencia y relevancia. CONCLUSIONES: se documenta una versión del QOL-DYS traducido y adaptado para usuarios chilenos con disartria, con evidencias de validez de contenido. Este estudio pretende promover la evaluación de la calidad de vida en usuarios con disartria y propiciar estudios instrumentales en Fonoaudiología.

The renal compartment: a hydraulic view.

BACKGROUND: The hydraulic behavior of the renal compartment is poorly understood. In particular, the role of the renal capsule on the intrarenal pressure has not been thoroughly addressed to date. We hypothesized that pressure and volume in the renal compartment are not linearly related, similar to other body compartments. METHODS: The pressure-volume curve of the renal compartment was obtained by injecting fluid into the renal pelvis and recording the rise in intrarenal pressure in six anesthetized and mechanically ventilated piglets, using a catheter Camino 4B® inserted into the renal parenchyma. RESULTS: In healthy kidneys, pressure has a highly nonlinear dependence on the injected volume, as revealed by an exponential fit to the data (R (2) = 0.92). On the contrary, a linear relation between pressure and volume is observed in decapsulated kidneys. We propose a biomechanical model for the renal capsule that is able to explain the nonlinear pressure-volume dependence for moderate volume increases. CONCLUSIONS: We have presented experimental evidence and a theoretical model that supports the existence of a renal compartment. The mechanical role of the renal capsule investigated in this work may have important implications in elucidating the role of decompressive capsulotomy in reducing the intrarenal pressure in acutely injured kidneys.