[Topical problems of occupational cancer in Russia.]

The authors present data on occupational oncologic morbidity in Russia by federal districts and regions. Over 2002- 2014, a total of 497 cases of occupational cancer was registered, that is less than 0,3% of minimal expected number of cases. Necessity is to urgent improvement of legislation and methodic basis, informational supply, providing qualitative account of occupational oncologic morbidity. Important role in solving this problem could be played by continued sanitary and hygienic certification of caricnogenically dangerous institutions in RF and creation of Federal register (governmental automated information system) of individuals who had (has) occupational exposure to carcinogenic factors.

[Socio-economic aspects of epidemiology of helicobateriosis].

There are considered special social and economic aspects of the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori. These aspects acquired the particular importance for the last time due to the fact that the provision of the people with pure water has been becoming the focus of the attention of geopolitical and socio-economic interests in a number of countries. The availability ofpure drinking water serves a marker of the socio-economic state of the territory and the population living there. In Russia where different climatic conditions are deposited by considerable regional differences in the conditions of communal services caused both by various level of the socio-economic development of the territory, the supplementation with pure drinking water serves as the social determinant of the ecological conditions of the population's life. This particularly has impact on the unfeasible technical state of the water distribution systems, microorganism ecology of which can substantially affect public health. The performed by authors a specialized screening ofpresented at the official web site of the joint-stock company «Mosvodokanal¼ current data concerning the quality of drinking water consumed by 2500 Moscovites, tested for the Helicobacter pylori infection revealed no deviations from the sanitary standards in the water received by the consumers. Along with that, the comparison of the map documents of the distribution of the Helicobacter pylori infection in Moscow with the distribution of citizens' complaints of the decline of the quality of tap water has revealed a territorial fastening of the high values of the population infection rate of n^ylori and the urban sites with the greatest number of complaints. In the microbial ecology of water-distribution systems there are tightly aligned problems of their epidemiological safety, technical state and economic damage caused by corrosion as a result of microbiotic activity. In contrast to acute bacterial and viral infections which are deemed of the greatest importance when assessing the sanitary condition of water sources and water-distribution systems, the consequences of infection with H. pylori may not be manifestedfor a long time but some years later they may be manifested as serious chronic diseases (from gastritis to adenocarcinoma of the stomach and a wide range of extraintestinal pathologies), which causes great social and economic losses. Thus, the socio-economic aspect of the epidemiology of helicobacteriosis includes at least two components: the technic - the maintenance of the feasible technic and sanitary state of the water distribution systems and the medico-social - expenditures for screening and treatment of infected patients. In total they are an inseparable part of the prevention of socially-important diseases in the public health system.

[On the rating of Helicobacter pylori in drinking water].

There are considered the issues related to the possibility to rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) content in drinking water. There is described the mechanism of of biofilm formation. The description refers to the biofilm formation mechanism in water supply systems and the existence of H. pylori in those systems. The objective premises of the definition of H. pylori as a potential limiting factor for assessing the quality of drinking water have been validated as follows: H. pylori is an etiologic factor associated to the development of chronic antral gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, and gastric cancer either, in the Russian population the rate of infection with H. pylori falls within range of 56 - 90%, water supply pathway now can be considered as a source of infection of the population with H. pylori, the existence of WHO regulatory documents considering H. pylori as a candidate for standardization of the quality of the drinking water quite common occurrence of biocorrosion, the reduction of sanitary water network reliability, that creates the possibility of concentrating H. pylori in some areas of the water system and its delivery to the consumer of drinking water, and causes the necessity of the prevention of H. pylori-associated gastric pathology of the population. A comprehensive and harmonized approach to H. pylori is required to consider it as a candidate to its rating in drinking water. Bearing in mind the large economic losses due to, on the one hand, the prevalence of disease caused by H. pylori, and, on the other hand, the biocorrosion of water supply system, the problem is both relevant in terms of communal hygiene and economy.

[The study of spatial distribution of Helicobacter pylori infection rate in able-bodied population of Moscow in the course of medical examination of the manufacturing contingents].

UNLABELLED: Numerous studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a leading etiologic factor in the development of chronic atrophic gastritis, one gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. Effective prevention of gastroduodenal pathology requires the right information about its prevalence in the population and risk factors. The most reliable information can be obtained during medical examination of the able-bodied population, which provides in-depth clinical examination of contingents with the identification of asymptomatic pathology, detection of risk groups, the substantiation ofprophylactic measures and tracking their efficacy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the clinical examination of the manufacturing contingents there was performed a study of the presence of infection Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in 2414 people aged 19 to 74 years. For more details on the presence of gastroduodenal pathology 991 people were examined with the use of clinical methods and interviews. The aggregation of information presented in the form of estimates for its geocoding and mapping has been made. Cluster analysis was performed. RESULTS: H. pylori infection was diagnosed in 2,182 people accounting for 90.4% out of 2414 examined cases. Infections occurred equally in males--91.7% and females--89.6%. The risk of development of gastroduodenal pathology in individuals infected with H. pylori is 4.4 times greater than the risk in seronegative individuals (95%, confidence interval 1.9-6.4). Cluster analysis revealed a statistically significant clusters for the strata with a prevalence of 100% (X2 = 45.5204) and below 50% of infection rate (X2 = 7.36). It is in prospect to analyze in more detail the data relating to these areas in order to identify the factors contributing to the different degree of infection rate of residents, including the assessment of drinking water.

[Some lessons of passportization of carcinogenic dangerous industries in Russia in 1999-2007].

The paper presents the results of passportization of carcinogenic dangerous undertakings in 1999-2007. It gives a detailed analysis of passportization records in 8 regions of the Russian Federation. The proportion of workers occupationally exposed to carcinogens in the passportized undertakings averages 11%. Among the people exposed, women are about 30%. The common drawback to passportization is that the enterprises to be passported are underestimated. The records of passportization suggest that there is inadequate monitoring of the working air level of carcinogenic substances; the workers lack adequate personal protection means; an oncologist is outside a group of specialists making preventive medical examinations at the carcinogenic dangerous enterprises. The employers' awareness of possible carcinogenic hazards at the enterprises should be increased.

[Approaches to the study of the role of water factor in prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection].

For the present time it became apparent that Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is present in the surface water groundwater wells, in the water from water distribution system. WHO classifies Hp to a group of emerging pathogens for epidemiological surveillance of diseases associated with water. The study, of various aspects of the permeation of Hp into the body of water requires an integrated approach including microbiological, hygienic and epidemiological components. Microbiological research component includes the study of Hp in a water medium at the stages of water preparation, distribution over nettworks and in end users, sanitary hygienic component--hygienic assessment of sources of water supply. The survey of organized cohorts, regularly undergoing periodic health examinations can be one of epidemiological approaches. Using a scanning method and graphical data binding to an electronic map of the studied area with account for residing of examined patients will permit to identify areas and microsections with the highest rates of infection and their conjugation with the character of water using and condition of water supply network

[Helicobacter pylori: routes of transmission of infection (a review of literature)].

The paper reviews the data characterizing the routes of transmission of Helicobacter pylori. Particular emphasis is laid on the water transmission route that has not been long considered to be important despite strong epidemiological evidence that allows it to be regarded as one of the most important routes of transmission of this infection. It describes the most favorable conditions for this microorganism to survive in the water systems, including plumbing, and a possible survival mechanism via biofilm formation and zooplankton symbiosis. The pathogen is able to bind to autochronous microorganisms in the biofilms and to generate itself the latter. It is not inconceivable that this microbe can persist and even multiply within protozoa. Due to the improved analytical studies, there are additional possibilities to detect new pathogenic microorganisms that have not been historically regarded as pollutants. These microorganisms are of interest to community hygiene specialists. The preferred routes of urban and rural transmission of the pathogen may be different, which should be taken into account when elaborating preventive measures.

[Comprehensive examination of able-bodied populations from different Moscow districts to maintain and correct the health of healthy individuals].

A total of 1038 Muscovites (740 males and 298 females) aged 20 to 60 years were examined using a broad range of clinical and diagnostic methods. In the study cohort, the prevalence of all diseases taken together was 1533 cases per 1000 examinees, the number of cases being 1108.1 and 2590.6% per hundred among men and women, respectively. In males, endocrine diseases (27.3%) rated first, next were cardiovascular (23.5%) and digestive (18.8%) diseases that occupied the second and third places, respectively. In females, diseases of genital organs (breast, ovaries, corpus and cervix uteri) were the most common pathology (about 50%), cardiovascular (15.8%) and digestive (10.6%) diseases ranked second and third, respectively. Metabolic syndrome was virtually equally present in both sexes: 22.7% in males and 26.5% in females. The application of this approach can reveal abnormalities in their early stage, follow their course, and develop packages of adequate preventive measures.

[Occupational carcinogenic jeopardy and disablement due to malignancies in Moscow].

Analysis covered occupational background of 2680 Moscow residents disabled due to malignancies. The authors revealed differences in nosologic structure and disablement severity between groups engaged into various kinds of economic activities, gave expert evaluation of what share of disabled due to malignancies is induced by occupational carcinogenic factors.

[Atmospheric air pollution and population mortality in Russian Federation regions].

Regularly published national reports on population health in Russian Federation, based on the results of statistic analyses and the data from hygienic and epidemiological studies, demonstrate associations between exposure to hazardous environmental factors and population morbidity. Research into correlations between exposure to such factors and population health status using extensive databases, makes it possible to obtain statistically significant results and put forward hypotheses for epidemiological studies. The aim of this research was to study the levels and dynamics of population mortality, and atmospheric air condition, as well as correlations between them in regional centers of Russian Federation. The study covers the period from 1985 through 1998.

[The cancer morbidity of workers in rubber manufacture]. / Onkologicheskaia zabolevamost' rabotnikov proizvodstva reziny.

The report discusses the results of the first study of cancer morbidity undertaken in the former USSR in a cohort of rubber workers versus length of service. Certain groups of occupations revealed high risk for malignant tumors of the oral cavity, throat, stomach, pancreas, large and rectal colon, lung, brain, lymphatic and hemopoietic tissue. Relatively high risk of tumors of the larynx, gallbladder, biliary tracts, ovary and vulva was found in females working under hazardous conditions. Agreement of the results with those reported aboard points to elevated risk of cancer in domestic rubber production, too.

[Comparative studies of the contamination of vegetable food products by carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the USSR and East Germany]. / Sravnitel'nye issledovaniia zagriazneniia rastitel'nykh pishchevykh produktov kantserogennymi politsiklicheskimi aromaticheskimi uglevodorodami (PAU) v SSSR i GDR.

The content of benz(a)pyrene (BP) in the soil of the agricultural regions of the USSR, away from the intense sources of industrial wastes ranges within 1-10 microgram/kg and depends on the soil type. In the vicinity of the industrial enterprises, the BP content in the soil may be tens thousand times higher. The baseline natural content of BP in the green parts of the vegetables constitutes 1-5 microgram/kg, while in the grain, seeds and fruit it is 10-100 times lower. In the vicinity of the sources of industrial wastes, the BP content in the green parts of the vegetables, in the grain, seeds and fruit was found to be drastically increased. There is a correlation between the BP content in the potato tubers and the soil where the potato is grown.

[Features of certification for medical prophylactic and research institutions]. / Osobennosti pasportizatsii lechebno-profilakticheskikh i nauchno-issledovatel'skikh uchrezhdenii.

Based on experience of certification in N.N. Blokhin Russian Oncologic Research Center with RAMSc, the authors presented recommendation on certification of medical prophylactic and research institutions where the staffers treating oncologic patients and/ or conducting research work in contact with carcinogens.

[Industrial carcinogens and the health of the population]. / Proizvodstvennye kantserogeny i zdorov'e naseleniia.

The size of employees contacting with carcinogens in the leading industries was estimated. The share of malignant neoplasms caused by industrial carcinogens was defined. It is noted that studies of the association of the parents' occupation with children's health are essential. Poor screening for occupational cancer and registration are also observed. The basic trends in cancer prophylaxis are listed in the paper.

[Cancerogenic substances list disclosure (pasportization) in occupationally hazardous industries in the system of occupational monitoring]. / Pasportizatsiia kantserogenoopasnykh proizvodstv v sisteme sotsial'no-gigienicheskogo monitoringa.

The authors suggested criteria to systematize materials of conditioning for industries having carcinogenic jeopardy and to select industries with the highest carcinogenic jeopardy for the workers and general population.

[General and oncologic mortality in cohort of television workers]. / Obshchaia i onkologicheskaia smertnost' v kogorte rabotnikov televideniia.

Study covered general and oncologic mortality in TV workers exposed to low levels of nonionizing radiation. Some workers' groups selected by occupation and length of service demonstrate reliably lower mortality with overall causes, cardiovascular diseases and malignancies, but increased mortality risk with malignancies of some locations.

[General and oncologic morbidity in Moscow municipal transport drivers]. / Obshchaia i onkologicheskaia zabolevaemost' voditelei obshchestvennogo transporta Moskvy.

A case study was undertaken to examine general and cancer mortality rates and cancer morbidity among municipal transport drivers in Moscow. The mortality and cancer morbidity in 1969 to 1988 were followed up among 2528 men and 212 women. In this period, male mortality rates due to malignant neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases and all causes taken together were statistically lower than the expected rates. Male cancer morbidity rates were also lower the expected ones. In the past decade 42 cases of gastric cancer were revealed in the cohort, which was statistically greater than the expected figures (29.8). In the first decade, prostatic cancer mortality was statistically significantly higher in bus drivers with length of service of over 20 years. Among women, there were only 12 deaths, with significantly decreased mortality rates. Esophageal cancer was detected in women who had worked as drivers for 20-29 years. The lower morbidity and mortality rates may be associated with the "healthy worker effect", i.e. with the fact that staff is strictly selected for this job.

[Reproductive dysfunction and oncologic diseases in women employed in the rubber manufacturing industry]. / Narusheniia funktsii i onkologicheskie zabolevaniia reproduktivnoi sfery u zhenshchin - rabotnits rezinovogo proizvodstva.

The study covered analysis of reproductive function, incidence of chronical diseases and gynecologic malignancies in rubber female workers. Hazardous work conditions of rubber production were reported to afflict reproductive function promoting gynecologic diseases and to change the structure of oncologic morbidity. Female workers exposed to occupational hazards of rubber production show some long-term effects of the exposure such as reliably increased reproductive impairments. Mechanism of such impairments may be connected with endocrine disbalance especially with estrogen deficit. As a result of it the changed ratio breast/uterus and ovary cancers is found among female rubber workers in comparison with the general population.

[Cytogenetic screening of workers of rubber manufacturing industry]. / Tsitogeneticheskoe obsledovanie rabochikh proizvodstva reziny.

Cytogenetic analysis of lymphocytes was performed in 36 preparatory workers engaged into rubber shoes and general mechanical rubber goods production. Preparatory workers and management staff had the same chromosomal aberrations frequency. Although chromosomal aberrations frequency in employees of the enterprise appeared to be twice as much as that for general population, which proves hazardous factors of rubber production to afflict genofond of employees.