[Enucleation of pancreatic tumors: a multiple-center study]. / Enukleatsiya opukholei podzheludochnoi zhelezy (mnogotsentrovoe issledovanie).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immediate results of enucleation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of enucleation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) were analyzed in 95 patients between 2016 and 2021. Functioning tumors (mean size 16.8 mm) were found in 70 patients, non-functioning (mean size 25 mm) - in 25 patients. Intraparenchymal tumors were found in 48 people, extraorganic lesion - in 47 patients. RESULTS: There were 262 patients with pNETs who underwent various surgeries between 2016 and 2021. Various resections were performed in 167 (63.8%) cases, enucleations - in 95 (36.2%) patients. Traditional surgical approach was used in 65 patients. Pancreatic fistula occurred in 21 patients (type B - 17, type C - 4), while arrosive bleeding occurred in 6 patients with unfavorable outcomes in 2 cases. Minimally invasive surgeries were performed in 30 patients. Eight patients with intraparenchymal tumors required conversion to open surgery. Type B pancreatic fistula occurred in 5 patients that led to arrosive bleeding in 2 cases (hemostasis was provided by endovascular method). Comparison of intraparenchymal and extraorgan tumors regarding the incidence of pancreatic fistula revealed odds ratio 5.26 (95% CI 1.5355; 18.0323, p=0.0041). Postoperative mortality was 2.1%. CONCLUSION: Enucleation is advisable for highly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors up to 2 cm. Minimally invasive enucleation is indicated for extraorgan tumors. Intraparenchymal tumors significantly increase the risk of postoperative complications.

[Simultaneous surgery for papillary thyroid cancer with lymph node metastases combined with common carotid artery stenosis]. / Simul'tannoe khirurgicheskoe vmeshatel'stvo pri sochetanii papillyarnogo raka shchitovidnoi zhelezy s metastazami v limfaticheskie uzly shei i ateroskleroticheskogo stenoza bifurkatsii levoi obshchei sonnoi arterii.

The authors report simultaneous surgical treatment of papillary cancer of the left thyroid lobe with lymph nodes metastases and left common carotid artery stenosis over 70%. Carotid endarterectomy at the first stage made it possible to reduce the risk of perioperative stroke, restore adequate blood flow through the carotid arteries and simultaneously perform total resection for thyroid carcinoma.

[The use of MR perfusion in assessing the efficacy of treatment for malignant brain tumors]. / Vozmozhnosti MR-perfuzii v otsenke éffektivnosti lecheniia zlokachestvennykh opukholei golovnogo mozga.

This literature review analyzes the capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based cerebral perfusion for differentiation between post-radiation changes (e.g., radionecrosis) and continued growth. The technique is compared with other highly informative radiodiagnostic techniques used in neuroradiology. The use of MR perfusion is important in a comprehensive examination protocol. Trends in the technique development are analyzed.

[The study of mRNA expression profiles of main cell function regulator genes in unchanged colonic mucosa from healthy donors]. / Issledovanie profilei ékspressii mRNK genov, uchastvuiushchikh v reguliatsii osnovnykh kletochnykh funktsii v neizmenennom épitelii tolstoi kishki u zdorovykh donorov.

A comparative analysis of molecular genetic phenotypes of mucous membrane cells in five anatomical regions of the colon in a group of healthy donors was conducted by comparing mRNA expression profiles of 62 genes involved in the regulation of vital cellular function. We used 181 biopsy samples of morphologically unchanged colonic mucosa, obtained from the colon (ascending, transverse-colon, descending, sigmoid) and rectum sections during prophylactic colonoscopy of 58 donors with no colon pathology. The mRNA levels for 62 genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis, proliferation, transcription, differentiation, cell-cell adhesion, and immune response were assessed by RT-PCR. Statistically significant differences were found for the molecular phenotypes of five sections of the colon. The results of the study can serve as a basis for creating a reference database (values of expression profiles), developing methods of differential diagnostics and screening of various pathologies of the colon.

[Comparison of matrix proteinase mRNA expression in morphologically normal, neoplastic, and metastatic colon tissue and colon biopsies from healthy donors]. / Sravnenie ékspressii mRNK matriksnykh metalloproteinaz v morfologicheski normal'noi, neoplasticheskoi i metastaticheskoi tkaniakh tolstogo kishechnika i v bioptatakh zdorovykh donorov.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) responsible for the extracellular matrix remodeling, the activation of various growth factors, and angiogenesis play an important role in the colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In the present work the comparative analysis of MMP-7, -8, -9, and -11 mRNA as well mRNA of the Ki-67 proliferation marker in tissue samples obtained from CRC patients and healthy individuals. Employing the real time PCR method the expression levels of several MMPs (MMP-7, -8, -9, and -11) and cell proliferation marker, Ki-67, were simultaneously measured in 256 tissue samples obtained from 112 patients with CRC: 112 samples of the primary tumor (CRC), 112 samples of the most distant border of morphologically normal colonic mucosa (MNT), 16 samples of liver metastases) and from 16 healthy volunteers who underwent colonoscopy and biopsy. The expression of both MMPs studied and Ki-67 was found to be elevated in CRC primary tumors and liver metastases compared with the normal mucosa. CRC tumor and metastatic cells exhibited similar proliferative activity. The metastases are characterized by the highest cross-correlation of MMPs among tissue types tested. For the first time it was shown that normal mucosa from healthy individuals and CRC patients varied in the MMP-8 expression level. They also had dissimilar MMP correlation patterns thus suggesting that epithelial cells adjusted to CRC tumor differ from mucosal epithelial cells of healthy individuals.

[The Russian X-Radiology Research Center: yesterday, today and tomorrow (90 to us)].

The paper gives historical information on the foundation and establishment of the Russian X-Radiology Research Center, as well as the advances that have been fundamental in the further clinical, scientific, and educational activities of the center. It details information of the recent advances of the center in diagnosis, including radiation, clinical and molecular gene, and combined treatments for cancer patients, including surgery, polychemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The achievements of each subdivisions of the Center are given. The paper shows the latest advances of the Center and its workers in researches, which have been embodied in their dissertations, monographs, and guides. Of great importance is the educational process the Center's workers are successfully doing in, by training specialists of different profile.