[Patient perceptions on healthcare safety]. / Percepción de los pacientes sobre la seguridad de la asistencia sanitaria.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Patient Safety is an issue of growing interest in healthcare politics and specialized bibliography, but there are limited studies that include the perspective of the public on healthcare safety. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Qualitative research performed in 4 Spanish Autonomous Regions, using focus groups and semi-structured interviews with patients and representatives of associations. Discourse analysis and result triangulation. RESULTS: For the patients interviewed, the concept of safety is not limited to absence of error, but includes aspects such as confidence, communication, information and participation. In the process of resolving of adverse events, an apologetic attitude by the professionals is considered a key element. Existing interventions such as protocols and notification systems are positively valued, at same time pointing out difficulties in the implementation process. As regards information, the patients demand that the professional is trained in communication skills. More participation in their own healthcare process and clinical management is considered appropriate, at same time, it was stated that few members of the public have the opportunity to participate in current safety policies. CONCLUSIONS: Regarding healthcare safety, patients and key agents indicate the importance of moving from a blame culture to a confidence culture.

[Patient satisfaction with the process of computerisation, consent and decision making during hospitalisation]. / Satisfacción de los pacientes con el proceso de información, consentimiento y toma de decisiones durante la hospitalización.

UNLABELLED: The health organisations have moved from being centred on the professionals and are now centred on users and their expectations. The new health institutions want to know patients' perception of the quality of the care received, with particular respect to the information received, consent and decision making. It is necessary to have available measuring instruments that explore the different components of the process of information, consent and decision making. BACKGROUND: To identify the dimensions related to the process of information, consent and decision making of most importance to patients and susceptible to evaluation by questionnaire. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Adult persons who have been hospitalised for at least two days. Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: The participants wish to be informed and to participate in decision making; they do not know the meaning of the charter of patients' rights; they wish to share the whole care process with their family; written information is incomprehensible to them; and they feel that their pain and discomfort do not receive appropriate attention. CONCLUSION: It would be convenient to include the following dimensions in the questionnaires on satisfaction: a) the possibility of clarifying doubts; b) real knowledge of the rights and duties of patients; c) participation by the family in the care process; d) continuity of the same informer throughout hospitalisation; d) degree of understanding of the written information; e) involvement in decision making; and f) attention to pain and discomfort.

[Dietary behavior disorders: opinions and expectancies on prevention and treatment strategies from the perspective of the several social actors]. / Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria: opiniones y expectativas sobre estrategias de prevención y tratamiento desde la perspectiva de diferentes actores sociales.

AIMS: The prevalence increase of Eating Disorders in the last decades emphasizes the necessity to develop strategies from the public healthcare system which include the perspective of the principal implicated social actors. The present study aims to know their opinions and expectations regarding the prevention and treatment of Eating Disorders. METHODS: Realization of 5 focus groups (with relatives, adolescents, professionals from the health and educational sector, representatives from institutions and support groups) and 14 semi-structured interviews (with Eating Disorder patients and relatives) about strengths and weaknesses of actual prevention and treatment programs, expectations of change and suggestions for improvement. Analysis of contents and triangulation of results. RESULTS: The absence of resources and knowledge about Eating Disorders, the scarcity of transversal programs and insufficient coordination were named as the main weaknesses whereas interdisciplinary pilot programs were positively valued. As principal demands, major endowment of human and material resources, increased coverage of specialized services, promotion of specific training and improvement of coordination was asked for. Regarding prevention, preference toward an unspecific approach to the subject in order to hinder imitation between young people was highlighted. The care in Day Hospitals was considered one of the most appropriate treatment modalities for the characteristics of this disease being valued the potentially therapeutic effect of contact between Eating Disorder patients. The support network, the education field and the family were named as other important pillars in a multidisciplinary approach to the disease. There was also a demand for the development of combined programs. CONCLUSIONS: The discussion of different psychotherapeutic approaches, the role of support groups in the caring network as well as the post-hospital follow-up were identified as issues open to future research.

[Opinions and expectations of patients with health problems associated to asbestos exposure]. / Opiniones y expectativas de pacientes con enfermedades relacionadas con la exposición al amianto.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of diseases related to asbestos exposure requires the development of monitoring programs and specific health care protocols. The aim of this study is to determine the opinions and expectations of former workers of an asbestos factory, in order to adapt the care process to the needs of the affected population, and to learn about the activity of the association that represents them. METHODS: Qualitative study. Focus groups with former employees of a corrugated asbestos factory, members of the association AVIDA (Seville). Recording and transcription of interviews. Discourse analysis with Nudist Vivo 1.0. RESULTS: All respondents have health problems, including asbestosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma. Through the association, they are involved in an ongoing process of negotiation with the public administration, to improve healthcare, achieve recognition as having an occupational disease and the payment of compensation. The lack of monitoring and continuity in care is designated as the major problem in the current care process. They welcome the creation of special care units, the good treatment received and the quality of technical instruments in the public health system. On the contrary, they criticize the difficulties in finding an accurate diagnosis, the lack of continuity of care, and the bureaucratic difficulties and lack of specific care directed to affected relatives. The participants' expectations highlight their intention to participate in the development of future programs and protocols. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the multifactor nature of diseases related to asbestos exposure and the importance of determining the needs and demands of the affected population in order to improve health care.

[Patients' opinions and expectations about the dialysis care process]. / Análisis de calidad percibida y expectativas de pacientes en el proceso asistencial de diálisis.

BACKGROUND: To determine the experiences and needs of patients on dialysis, in order to identify critical points of the care process and develop proposals for improvement. METHODS: Qualitative study using semistructured interviews with 22 patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, from the Andalusian Health Service. Discourse analysis, using the SERVQUAL model. Triangulation of results. RESULTS: The diagnostic stage is described as the hardest moment as it requires acceptance of the disease. During hemodialysis, we see both positive adaptation and the perception of a diminished quality of life. The technique of peritoneal dialysis is evaluated positively, enabling greater independence, despite requiring more responsibility for self care. The contact with patients' organizations or the provision of a counseling service are valued as an aid in the process. With respect to different dimensions of the SERVQUAL model, human treatment and professional competence are valued. The critical points are lack of coordination, malfunctioning of transportation and lack of transparency in the management of waiting lists. Shortcomings in dealing with informal caregivers and the level of knowledge of professionals from areas other than Nephrology, also appear as deficiencies. CONCLUSIONS: The main proposals for improving the dialysis process are: attention to psychosocial aspects, the improvement of organizational aspects such as transport, and greater attention to informal caregivers.

[Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Picker Patient Experience Questionnaire-15 for use in the Spanish population]. / Adaptación transcultural y validación del Picker Patient Experience Questionnaire-15 para su uso en población española.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out a transcultural adaptation and validation of the Picker Patient Experience Questionnaire-15 (PPE-15). To incorporate new dimensions such as informed consent and decision making, that are not addressed in the PPE-15 but are considered relevant for Spanish patients on information and decision making in hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross-culture adaptation and validation of the (PPE-15). A translation of the original version of the questionnaire PPE-15 has been carried out. Content validity has been studied and a new Spanish version has been designed and validated, the PPE-33 questionnaire. The original version of the PPE-15 was translated into Spanish and the content and construct validity of the PPE-33 were studied. A pilot test assessed the acceptability and feasibility of the questionnaire and eventually, construct validity, reliability and internal consistency were evaluated. RESULTS: A high concordance between the original version of the PPE-15 questionnaire and the PPE-33 (Kappa 0.872). The PPE-33 showed good stability within 15 days (McNemar's Test P>0.05). The Szigriszt Readability Score was 80 (very easy to read). The PPE-33 obtained a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.792). CONCLUSIONS: The PPE-15 adapted to Spanish as the PPE-33, is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the perception and satisfaction of patients that have been hospitalised, regarding information, treatment received and participation in decision making.