[Guidance for transanal operations]. / Transzanális mutéti útmutató.

We summarized diagnostic, surgical treatment and follow-up principles of benign and early malignant lesions of the rectum. Our aim is to provide a nationwide practical synopsis of transanal minimally invasive surgical techniques which might be the basis of a Hungarian national audit of rectal polyp management.

Iatrogenic deep epithelial misplacement ("gastritis cystica profunda") in a gastric foveolar-type adenoma after endoscopic manipulation: a diagnostic pitfall.

Gastritis cystica profunda (GCP) is analogous to the more commonly encountered colitis cystic profunda. Both conditions are associated with polypoid and/or ulcerative mucosal lesions with or without previous surgery. Typically, the misplaced glands in GCP are encountered in the submucosa. The case described occurred in a 62-year-old man with a fundic foveolar adenoma containing foci of low-grade dysplasia. Three attempts at endoscopic removal were attempted before a sleeve gastrectomy was performed. Remnants of the foveolar adenoma were identified in the resection specimen. However, the striking feature in the gastrectomy specimen was the presence of GCP and cystically dilated glands within the muscularis propria. Such deep misplacement of glands in GCP has not been described previously and simulates adenocarcinoma. The glands were devoid of cytologic atypia, noninfiltrative, and surrounded by lamina propria. These features, together with the history of multiple attempts at removal, distinguish this lesion from adenocarcinoma. It is most likely due to iatrogenically induced defects in the gastric wall from multiple previous attempts at endoscopic removal of the polyp. These previous surgical procedures facilitated the deep misplacement of gastric glands into the muscularis propria.