RESUMEN
KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancer. Despite substantial efforts, no clinically applicable strategy has yet been developed to effectively treat KRAS-mutant tumors. Here, we perform a cell-line-based screen and identify strong synergistic interactions between cell-cycle checkpoint-abrogating Chk1- and MK2 inhibitors, specifically in KRAS- and BRAF-driven cells. Mechanistically, we show that KRAS-mutant cancer displays intrinsic genotoxic stress, leading to tonic Chk1- and MK2 activity. We demonstrate that simultaneous Chk1- and MK2 inhibition leads to mitotic catastrophe in KRAS-mutant cells. This actionable synergistic interaction is validated using xenograft models, as well as distinct Kras- or Braf-driven autochthonous murine cancer models. Lastly, we show that combined checkpoint inhibition induces apoptotic cell death in KRAS- or BRAF-mutant tumor cells directly isolated from patients. These results strongly recommend simultaneous Chk1- and MK2 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of KRAS- or BRAF-driven cancers.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/metabolismo , Proteínas ras/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Animales , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular , Quinasa 1 Reguladora del Ciclo Celular (Checkpoint 1) , Daño del ADN , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Xenoinjertos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras) , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
Lung adenocarcinoma, the most common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer, is responsible for more than 500,000 deaths per year worldwide. Here, we report exome and genome sequences of 183 lung adenocarcinoma tumor/normal DNA pairs. These analyses revealed a mean exonic somatic mutation rate of 12.0 events/megabase and identified the majority of genes previously reported as significantly mutated in lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, we identified statistically recurrent somatic mutations in the splicing factor gene U2AF1 and truncating mutations affecting RBM10 and ARID1A. Analysis of nucleotide context-specific mutation signatures grouped the sample set into distinct clusters that correlated with smoking history and alterations of reported lung adenocarcinoma genes. Whole-genome sequence analysis revealed frequent structural rearrangements, including in-frame exonic alterations within EGFR and SIK2 kinases. The candidate genes identified in this study are attractive targets for biological characterization and therapeutic targeting of lung adenocarcinoma.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Genes Relacionados con las Neoplasias , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Estudios de Cohortes , Exoma , Femenino , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutación , Tasa de MutaciónRESUMEN
Signaling by ErbB receptors requires the activation of their cytoplasmic kinase domains, which is initiated by ligand binding to the receptor ectodomains. Cytoplasmic factors contributing to the activation are unknown. Here we identify members of the cytohesin protein family as such factors. Cytohesin inhibition decreased ErbB receptor autophosphorylation and signaling, whereas cytohesin overexpression stimulated receptor activation. Monitoring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) conformation by anisotropy microscopy together with cell-free reconstitution of cytohesin-dependent receptor autophosphorylation indicate that cytohesins facilitate conformational rearrangements in the intracellular domains of dimerized receptors. Consistent with cytohesins playing a prominent role in ErbB receptor signaling, we found that cytohesin overexpression correlated with EGF signaling pathway activation in human lung adenocarcinomas. Chemical inhibition of cytohesins resulted in reduced proliferation of EGFR-dependent lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results establish cytohesins as cytoplasmic conformational activators of ErbB receptors that are of pathophysiological relevance.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/patología , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Factores de Intercambio de Guanina Nucleótido/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas Receptoras/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Animales , Dimerización , Proteínas Activadoras de GTPasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Activadoras de GTPasa/genética , Proteínas Activadoras de GTPasa/metabolismo , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Factores de Intercambio de Guanina Nucleótido/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factores de Intercambio de Guanina Nucleótido/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Ratones , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Transducción de Señal , Trasplante Heterólogo , Triazoles/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Over the past 15 years no major improvement of survival rates could be accomplished. The recently discovered histone methyltransferase KMT9 that acts as epigenetic regulator of prostate tumor growth has now raised hopes of enabling new cancer therapies. In this study, we aimed to identify the function of KMT9 in lung cancer. METHODS: We unraveled the KMT9 transcriptome and proteome in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells using RNA-Seq and mass spectrometry and linked them with functional cell culture, real-time proliferation and flow cytometry assays. RESULTS: We show that KMT9α and -ß subunits of KMT9 are expressed in lung cancer tissue and cell lines. Importantly, high levels of KMT9α correlate with poor patient survival. We identified 460 genes that are deregulated at the RNA and protein level upon knock-down of KMT9α in A549 cells. These genes cluster with proliferation, cell cycle and cell death gene sets as well as with subcellular organelles in gene ontology analysis. Knock-down of KMT9α inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation and induces non-apoptotic cell death in A549 cells. CONCLUSIONS: The novel histone methyltransferase KMT9 is crucial for proliferation and survival of lung cancer cells harboring various mutations. Small molecule inhibitors targeting KMT9 therefore should be further examined as potential milestones in modern epigenetic lung cancer therapy.
RESUMEN
Following genotoxic stress, cells activate a complex signalling network to arrest the cell cycle and initiate DNA repair or apoptosis. The tumour suppressor p53 lies at the heart of this DNA damage response. However, it remains incompletely understood, which signalling molecules dictate the choice between these different cellular outcomes. Here, we identify the transcriptional regulator apoptosis-antagonizing transcription factor (AATF)/Che-1 as a critical regulator of the cellular outcome of the p53 response. Upon genotoxic stress, AATF is phosphorylated by the checkpoint kinase MK2. Phosphorylation results in the release of AATF from cytoplasmic MRLC3 and subsequent nuclear translocation where AATF binds to the PUMA, BAX and BAK promoter regions to repress p53-driven expression of these pro-apoptotic genes. In xenograft experiments, mice exhibit a dramatically enhanced response of AATF-depleted tumours following genotoxic chemotherapy with adriamycin. The exogenous expression of a phospho-mimicking AATF point mutant results in marked adriamycin resistance in vivo. Nuclear AATF enrichment appears to be selected for in p53-proficient endometrial cancers. Furthermore, focal copy number gains at the AATF locus in neuroblastoma, which is known to be almost exclusively p53-proficient, correlate with an adverse prognosis and reduced overall survival. These data identify the p38/MK2/AATF signalling module as a critical repressor of p53-driven apoptosis and commend this pathway as a target for DNA damage-sensitizing therapeutic regimens.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/fisiología , Apoptosis/fisiología , Daño del ADN/fisiología , Proteínas Represoras/fisiología , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/fisiología , Transporte Activo de Núcleo Celular , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/genética , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular , Daño del ADN/genética , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Neoplasias Endometriales/genética , Femenino , Amplificación de Genes , Dosificación de Gen , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Ratones , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Complejos Multiproteicos , Cadenas Ligeras de Miosina/metabolismo , Neuroblastoma/genética , Neuroblastoma/mortalidad , Presión Osmótica , Fosforilación , Pronóstico , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional , Proteínas Represoras/genéticaRESUMEN
Systematic efforts are underway to decipher the genetic changes associated with tumor initiation and progression. However, widespread clinical application of this information is hampered by an inability to identify critical genetic events across the spectrum of human tumors with adequate sensitivity and scalability. Here, we have adapted high-throughput genotyping to query 238 known oncogene mutations across 1,000 human tumor samples. This approach established robust mutation distributions spanning 17 cancer types. Of 17 oncogenes analyzed, we found 14 to be mutated at least once, and 298 (30%) samples carried at least one mutation. Moreover, we identified previously unrecognized oncogene mutations in several tumor types and observed an unexpectedly high number of co-occurring mutations. These results offer a new dimension in tumor genetics, where mutations involving multiple cancer genes may be interrogated simultaneously and in 'real time' to guide cancer classification and rational therapeutic intervention.
Asunto(s)
Análisis Mutacional de ADN/métodos , Mutación , Neoplasias/genética , Oncogenes , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Genoma Humano , Genotipo , HumanosRESUMEN
MOTIVATION: Cancer genomes are characterized by the accumulation of point mutations and structural alterations such as copy-number alterations and genomic rearrangements. Among structural changes, systematic analyses of copy-number alterations have provided deeper insight into the architecture of cancer genomes and had led to new potential treatment opportunities. During the course of cancer genome evolution, selection mechanisms are leading to a non-random pattern of mutational events contributing to fitness benefits of the cancer cells. We therefore developed a new method to dissect random from non-random patterns in copy-number data and thereby to assess significantly enriched somatic copy-number aberrations across a set of tumor specimens or cell lines. In contrast to existing approaches, the method is invariant to any strictly monotonous transformation of the input data which results to an insensitivity of differences in tumor purity, array saturation effects and copy-number baseline levels. RESULTS: We applied our approach to recently published datasets of small-cell lung cancer and squamous cell lung cancer and validated its performance by comparing the results to an orthogonal approach. In addition, we found a new deletion peak containing the HLA-A gene in squamous cell lung cancer.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN , Genoma Humano , Genómica/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , HumanosRESUMEN
The EGFR T790M mutation has been identified in tumors from lung cancer patients that eventually develop resistance to erlotinib. In this study, we generated a mouse model with doxycycline-inducible expression of a mutant EGFR containing both L858R, an erlotinib-sensitizing mutation, and the T790M resistance mutation (EGFR TL). Expression of EGFR TL led to development of peripheral adenocarcinomas with bronchioloalveolar features in alveoli as well as papillary adenocarcinomas in bronchioles. Treatment with an irreversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), HKI-272, shrunk only peripheral tumors but not bronchial tumors. However, the combination of HKI-272 and rapamycin resulted in significant regression of both types of lung tumors. This combination therapy may potentially benefit lung cancer patients with the EGFR T790M mutation.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de los Bronquios/genética , Receptores ErbB/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Mutación , Animales , Neoplasias de los Bronquios/tratamiento farmacológico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Inmunohistoquímica , Etiquetado Corte-Fin in Situ , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones , Quinolinas/administración & dosificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Sirolimus/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
The proto-oncogene KRAS is mutated in a wide array of human cancers, most of which are aggressive and respond poorly to standard therapies. Although the identification of specific oncogenes has led to the development of clinically effective, molecularly targeted therapies in some cases, KRAS has remained refractory to this approach. A complementary strategy for targeting KRAS is to identify gene products that, when inhibited, result in cell death only in the presence of an oncogenic allele. Here we have used systematic RNA interference to detect synthetic lethal partners of oncogenic KRAS and found that the non-canonical IkappaB kinase TBK1 was selectively essential in cells that contain mutant KRAS. Suppression of TBK1 induced apoptosis specifically in human cancer cell lines that depend on oncogenic KRAS expression. In these cells, TBK1 activated NF-kappaB anti-apoptotic signals involving c-Rel and BCL-XL (also known as BCL2L1) that were essential for survival, providing mechanistic insights into this synthetic lethal interaction. These observations indicate that TBK1 and NF-kappaB signalling are essential in KRAS mutant tumours, and establish a general approach for the rational identification of co-dependent pathways in cancer.
Asunto(s)
Genes ras/genética , Proteína Oncogénica p21(ras)/genética , Proteína Oncogénica p21(ras)/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Interferencia de ARN , Alelos , Apoptosis , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Genes Letales , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patología , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proto-Oncogenes Mas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-rel/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Proteína bcl-X/metabolismoRESUMEN
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 15% of all lung cancers. The prognosis of SCLC patients is devastating and no biologically targeted therapeutics are active in this tumor type. To develop a framework for development of specific SCLC-targeted drugs we conducted a combined genomic and pharmacological vulnerability screen in SCLC cell lines. We show that SCLC cell lines capture the genomic landscape of primary SCLC tumors and provide genetic predictors for activity of clinically relevant inhibitors by screening 267 compounds across 44 of these cell lines. We show Aurora kinase inhibitors are effective in SCLC cell lines bearing MYC amplification, which occur in 3-7% of SCLC patients. In MYC-amplified SCLC cells Aurora kinase inhibition associates with G2/M-arrest, inactivation of PI3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, and induction of apoptosis. Aurora dependency in SCLC primarily involved Aurora B, required its kinase activity, and was independent of depletion of cytoplasmic levels of MYC. Our study suggests that a fraction of SCLC patients may benefit from therapeutic inhibition of Aurora B. Thus, thorough chemical and genomic exploration of SCLC cell lines may provide starting points for further development of rational targeted therapeutic intervention in this deadly tumor type.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Puntos de Control de la Fase G2 del Ciclo Celular/fisiología , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/genética , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Aurora Quinasa B , Aurora Quinasas , Benzotiazoles , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Diaminas , Citometría de Flujo , Puntos de Control de la Fase G2 del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Compuestos Orgánicos , Inhibidores de las Quinasa Fosfoinosítidos-3 , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/metabolismo , Quinolinas , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
The sensitivity of conventional DNA sequencing in tumor biopsies is limited by stromal contamination and by genetic heterogeneity within the cancer. Here, we show that microreactor-based pyrosequencing can detect rare cancer-associated sequence variations by independent and parallel sampling of multiple representatives of a given DNA fragment. This technology can thereby facilitate accurate molecular diagnosis of heterogeneous cancer specimens and enable patient selection for targeted cancer therapies.
Asunto(s)
Mapeo Cromosómico/métodos , ADN de Neoplasias/genética , Mutación , Neoplasias/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Somatic alterations in cellular DNA underlie almost all human cancers. The prospect of targeted therapies and the development of high-resolution, genome-wide approaches are now spurring systematic efforts to characterize cancer genomes. Here we report a large-scale project to characterize copy-number alterations in primary lung adenocarcinomas. By analysis of a large collection of tumours (n = 371) using dense single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, we identify a total of 57 significantly recurrent events. We find that 26 of 39 autosomal chromosome arms show consistent large-scale copy-number gain or loss, of which only a handful have been linked to a specific gene. We also identify 31 recurrent focal events, including 24 amplifications and 7 homozygous deletions. Only six of these focal events are currently associated with known mutations in lung carcinomas. The most common event, amplification of chromosome 14q13.3, is found in approximately 12% of samples. On the basis of genomic and functional analyses, we identify NKX2-1 (NK2 homeobox 1, also called TITF1), which lies in the minimal 14q13.3 amplification interval and encodes a lineage-specific transcription factor, as a novel candidate proto-oncogene involved in a significant fraction of lung adenocarcinomas. More generally, our results indicate that many of the genes that are involved in lung adenocarcinoma remain to be discovered.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Genoma Humano/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Deleción Cromosómica , Cromosomas Humanos Par 14/genética , Amplificación de Genes/genética , Genómica , Genotipo , Humanos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Pérdida de Heterocigocidad/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Proto-Oncogenes Mas , Interferencia de ARN , Factor Nuclear Tiroideo 1 , Factores de Transcripción/genéticaRESUMEN
Gene fusions involving the catalytic domain of tyrosine kinases (TKs) are found in a variety of hematological and solid tumor malignancies. Clinically, TK fusions have emerged as prime targets for therapy with small molecule kinase inhibitors. Unfortunately, identification of TK fusions has been hampered by experimental limitations. Here, we developed version 2.0 of a genomically based systematic kinase fusion screen and used it to detect a novel imatinib-sensitive C6orf204-PDGFRB fusion in a patient with precursor T lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL) and an associated myeloproliferative neoplasm with eosinophilia. These data validate the ability of this targeted capture-sequencing approach to detect TK fusion events in small amounts of DNA extracted directly from patient samples.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/genética , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/genética , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/genética , Translocación Genética , Adulto , Algoritmos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Línea Celular Tumoral , Biología Computacional , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto , Orden Génico , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Células K562 , Cariotipificación , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/complicaciones , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/complicaciones , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
The emergence of resistance to targeted therapies restrains their efficacy. The development of rationally guided drug combinations could overcome this currently insurmountable clinical challenge. However, our limited understanding of the trajectories that drive the outgrowth of resistant clones in cancer cell populations precludes design of drug combinations to forestall resistance. Here, we propose an iterative treatment strategy coupled with genomic profiling and genome-wide CRISPR activation screening to systematically extract and define preexisting resistant subpopulations in an EGFR-driven lung cancer cell line. Integrating these modalities identifies several resistance mechanisms, including activation of YAP/TAZ signaling by WWTR1 amplification, and estimates the associated cellular fitness for mathematical population modeling. These observations led to the development of a combination therapy that eradicated resistant clones in large cancer cell line populations by exhausting the spectrum of genomic resistance mechanisms. However, a small fraction of cancer cells was able to enter a reversible nonproliferative state of drug tolerance. This subpopulation exhibited mesenchymal properties, NRF2 target gene expression, and sensitivity to ferroptotic cell death. Exploiting this induced collateral sensitivity by GPX4 inhibition clears drug-tolerant populations and leads to tumor cell eradication. Overall, this experimental in vitro data and theoretical modeling demonstrate why targeted mono- and dual therapies will likely fail in sufficiently large cancer cell populations to limit long-term efficacy. Our approach is not tied to a particular driver mechanism and can be used to systematically assess and ideally exhaust the resistance landscape for different cancer types to rationally design combination therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: Unraveling the trajectories of preexisting resistant and drug-tolerant persister cells facilitates the rational design of multidrug combination or sequential therapies, presenting an approach to explore for treating EGFR-mutant lung cancer.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Transducción de Señal , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , MutaciónRESUMEN
Human lung adenosquamous cell carcinoma (LUAS), containing both adenomatous and squamous pathologies, harbors strong plasticity and is significantly associated with poor prognosis. We established an up-to-date comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic landscape of LUAS in 109 Chinese specimens and demonstrated LUAS development via adeno-to-squamous transdifferentiation. Unsupervised transcriptomic clustering and dynamic network biomarker analysis identified an inflammatory subtype as the critical transition stage during LUAS development. Dynamic dysregulation of the counteracting lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs), containing adenomatous TFs NKX2-1 and FOXA2, and squamous TFs TP63 and SOX2, finely tuned the lineage transition via promoting CXCL3/5-mediated neutrophil infiltration. Genomic clustering identified the most malignant subtype featured with STK11-inactivation, and targeting LSD1 through genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition almost eradicated STK11-deficient lung tumors. These data collectively uncover the comprehensive molecular landscape, oncogenic driver spectrum and therapeutic vulnerability of Chinese LUAS.
RESUMEN
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab232.].
RESUMEN
Genomic profiling revealed the identity of at least 5 subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), including the MCD/C5 cluster characterized by aberrations in MYD88, BCL2, PRDM1, and/or SPIB. We generated mouse models harboring B cell-specific Prdm1 or Spib aberrations on the background of oncogenic Myd88 and Bcl2 lesions. We deployed whole-exome sequencing, transcriptome, flow-cytometry, and mass cytometry analyses to demonstrate that Prdm1- or Spib-altered lymphomas display molecular features consistent with prememory B cells and light-zone B cells, whereas lymphomas lacking these alterations were enriched for late light-zone and plasmablast-associated gene sets. Consistent with the phenotypic evidence for increased B cell receptor signaling activity in Prdm1-altered lymphomas, we demonstrate that combined BTK/BCL2 inhibition displays therapeutic activity in mice and in five of six relapsed/refractory DLBCL patients. Moreover, Prdm1-altered lymphomas were immunogenic upon transplantation into immuno-competent hosts, displayed an actionable PD-L1 surface expression, and were sensitive to antimurine-CD19-CAR-T cell therapy, in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE: Relapsed/refractory DLBCL remains a major medical challenge, and most of these patients succumb to their disease. Here, we generated mouse models, faithfully recapitulating the biology of MYD88-driven human DLBCL. These models revealed robust preclinical activity of combined BTK/BCL2 inhibition. We confirmed activity of this regimen in pretreated non-GCB-DLBCL patients. See related commentary by Leveille et al., p. 8. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
Asunto(s)
Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso , Factor 88 de Diferenciación Mieloide , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Factor 88 de Diferenciación Mieloide/genética , Factor 88 de Diferenciación Mieloide/metabolismo , Linfocitos B , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/genética , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/terapia , Células Plasmáticas/metabolismo , Células Plasmáticas/patología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The discovery of frequent 8p11-p12 amplifications in squamous cell lung cancer (SQLC) has fueled hopes that FGFR1, located inside this amplicon, might be a therapeutic target. In a clinical trial, only 11% of patients with 8p11 amplification (detected by FISH) responded to FGFR kinase inhibitor treatment. To understand the mechanism of FGFR1 dependency, we performed deep genomic characterization of 52 SQLCs with 8p11-p12 amplification, including 10 tumors obtained from patients who had been treated with FGFR inhibitors. We discovered somatically altered variants of FGFR1 with deletion of exons 1-8 that resulted from intragenic tail-to-tail rearrangements. These ectodomain-deficient FGFR1 variants (ΔEC-FGFR1) were expressed in the affected tumors and were tumorigenic in both in vitro and in vivo models of lung cancer. Mechanistically, breakage-fusion-bridges were the source of 8p11-p12 amplification, resulting from frequent head-to-head and tail-to-tail rearrangements. Generally, tail-to-tail rearrangements within or in close proximity upstream of FGFR1 were associated with FGFR1 dependency. Thus, the genomic events shaping the architecture of the 8p11-p12 amplicon provide a mechanistic explanation for the emergence of FGFR1-driven SQLC. Specifically, we believe that FGFR1 ectodomain-deficient and FGFR1-centered amplifications caused by tail-to-tail rearrangements are a novel somatic genomic event that might be predictive of therapeutically relevant FGFR1 dependency.