[Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nurses and an Ecological System Theory-Based Strategy for Reducing This Impact in the Future].

The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant burnout among nurses, resulting in a shortage of nursing staff. Issues related to nursing work have received significant attention recently, and only healthy nurses are capable of providing good quality patient care. The authors employed Bronfenbrenner's Ecological System Theory to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses and proposed specific strategies and recommendations to enhance the nursing workplace. Under the Ecological System Theory, several factors, including inadequate preparedness, dangerous working environment, work-family conflicts, discrimination due to public panic, and health damage, contribute to nurse burnout. Whether during or after the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to provide education programs to enhance the professional abilities of nurses, foster policies that promote a positive practice work environment, implement a triage system based on the severity of patients, elevate the image of the nursing profession, monitor the health of nurses, and advocate for transformational leadership. The nursing workplace should help nurses gain greater confidence and improve their ability to handle various workplace challenges. In the future, medical institutions should provide a better work environment for nurses and expect the public to pay more attention to the development of the nursing profession.

Reliability and Validity of a Chinese-Version Normalization Assessment Measure for Primary Caregivers of Children With Cancer.

BACKGROUND: "Normalization" refers to the process whereby a household with a chronically ill member returns to a normal life to reduce its distress. There has been no valid and reliable instrument to investigate such normalization in Taiwan. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to develop and validate a Chinese version of the Normalization Assessment Measure for Caregivers of Children With Cancer (NAM-CCC). METHODS: Translation and revision of the Normalization Assessment Measure into Chinese. Psychometric testing was conducted on 241 caregivers of children with cancer who were treated at a medical center in northern Taiwan. RESULTS: The Cronbach's α of the NAM-CCC (Chinese version) was .93. The construct validity was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis, and 1 factor was extracted. The known group validity indicated that the rate of normalization is higher in the follow-up stage than in the treatment stage (P < .00). The criterion-related validity of the Taiwan version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment is 0.475 (P < .01). The content validity is 0.88 to 0.99. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the NAM-CCC possesses good reliability and validity when administered to caregivers of children with cancer in Taiwan. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The instrument can be used to measure normalization in the caregivers of children with cancer. In addition, it will help us understand what support these individuals require to construct normal lives.