Kinetic differences in the effect of calcium on quantal and non-quantal acetylcholine release at the murine diaphragm.

The effects of Ca2+ withdrawal on non-quantal, evoked quantal and spontaneous quantal release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the motor nerve terminals were studied with standard intracellular recording techniques. Anticholinesterase-treated mouse diaphragms were used. In a Ca2(+)-free solution all forms of ACh release decreased, but with different kinetics. As expected, evoked quantal release declined to zero within a few minutes. Spontaneous quantal release, i.e. the frequency of the miniature end-plate potentials (MEPPs), decreased to 15% of the control within 20 min after calcium withdrawal. The slowest decay was that of non-quantal release which declined very slowly and reached zero after 45-50 min. Following Ca2+ re-admission, both quantal types of ACh release were rapidly restored (evoked in 10 min, spontaneous in 20 min). However, recovery of non-quantal release did not occur until after 50 to 60 min.

[Minimal pulmonary regurgitation (pulsed Doppler echocardiography findings) in the absence of pulmonary valve defect]. / Minimal'naia legochnaia regurgitatsiia (po dannym impul'snoi doppler-ékhokardiografii) pri otsutsvii poroka klapana legochnoi arterii.

A diastolic turbulent flow of pulmonary regurgitation with the maximum velocity of no more than 1.5 m/sec and prevalence in the exit portion of the right ventricle up to 17 mm was detected in 36 patients with cardiac and pulmonary diseases and apparently healthy individuals without organic pulmonary valve lesion and diastolic localization at the respective site, by using pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The highest diastolic transpulmonary pressure gradient estimated by a modified Bernulli's equation was no more than 9 mm Hg (within the range of normal values for diastolic pulmonary artery-right ventricle pressure gradient). Asymptomatic subclinical pulmonary regurgitation of physiological and functional nature without substantial hemodynamic significance which has been detected in these patients cannot be regarded as a manifestation of pulmonary valve defect.

[Study of the effect of arterial hypertension on the status of left- ventricular myocardium based on thallium-201 scintigraphic data]. / Vliianie arteria'lnoi gipertenzii na sostoianie miokarda levogo zheludochka po dannym stsintigrafii c 201Tl.

Functional relationship was examined between the parameters of myocardial perfusion, left ventricular myocardial mass, and complications developed in patients with coronary heart diseases concomitant with arterial hypertension. Examination was made of 102 patients with various natural history of arterial hypertension, of whom 53 had concomitant angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, sudden death, or rhythm disturbances. As "perfusion deficiency" progressed, the patients with complicated natural history of arterial hypertension were found to increase in number with higher left ventricular myocardial mass index. In patients with arterial hypertension, the critical hypertrophy phase in which the index of left ventricular myocardial mass was 110-120 gm2 was demonstrated to be followed by myocardial perfusion deficiency. If the myocardial mass index is 90 g/m2, it means a phase of compensatory hypertrophy, which shows higher myocardial perfusion.

[Polyaxonal innervation of frog phasic muscle fibers]. / O poliaksonal'noi innervatsii faznykh myshechnykh volokon liagushki.

A cholinesterase activity was revealed in two to four regions of each of the 120 fibers isolated from the frog sartorius muscle, which suggests polysynaptic character of innervation of the phasic muscle fibers. Electrophysiological methods showed the participation of different axons in formation of synapses with a single fiber, as well as the existence of synapses with the correlation between EPP's amplitude and strength of stimulation. The data obtained show such EPPs to be connected with polyaxonal innervation of one region of a muscle fiber.

[Use of Tl-201 in the diagnosis of parietal left-ventricular thrombi]. / Ispol'zovanie 201Tl v diagnostike pristenochnykh trombov levogo zheludochka.

The authors have proposed a method for the determination of left ventricular parietal thrombi to form isolated images of the left ventricular cavity (by the 1st passage of 201Tl) and its walls in the same projection in the computer memory. After special processing the images are superimposed: the coincidence of the contours of the cavity and myocardial wall will suggest the absence of a thrombus, noncoincidence of the contours in some place will suggest the site and size of a thrombus. The method is safe for a patient and does not require additional manipulations.

[Inderal in the acute and post-myocardial infarct periods]. / Inderal v ostrom periode infarkta miokarda i v postinfarktnom periode.

The use of propranolol since the first hours of myocardial infarction reduced the perinecrotic zone and restricted the zone of myocardial necrosis, decreased the frequency of arrhythmias and did not produce heart insufficiency. The majority of the patients who had suffered myocardial infarction get rid of angina pectoris under the effect of an individually chosen dose of propranolol. They show a more rapid recovery of the physical activity and work fitness. The authors hold that it is desirable that the patients may receive propranolol continuously throughout many years following myocardial infarction.

[The role of a spasm of the coronary arteries in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarct and in the development of sudden coronary death]. / Rol' spazma venechnykh arterii serdtsa v patogeneze ostrogo infarkta miokarda i v razvitii vnezapnoi koronarnoi smerti.

Based on the clinical experience and clinicoanatomic correlations, the authors suggest the role of hemorrhage and rupture of atherosclerotic patches in the pathogenesis of sudden coronary death. Proceeding from long-term follow-up studies of patients suffering from CHD, the necessity is substantiated of the regular use of beta-adrenoblockers which significantly reduce the rate of sudden death both in the acute and chronic phases of CHD, particularly in patients with a history of myocardial infarction. Taking into consideration the multifactorial nature of the pathogenesis of acute occlusion of coronary arteries, it is suggested that in addition to the preventive administration of beta-adrenoblockers, thrombolytic agents in combination with antiaggregation remedies and calcium antagonists should be prescribed, especially in cases of arterial pressure rises.

[An anamnestic method for studying the cause-effect connections between the status of public health and manufacturing, ecological and social factors]. / Anamnesticheskii metod izucheniia prichino-sledstvennykh sviazei mezhdu sostoianiem obshchestvennogo zdorov'ia, proizvodstvennymi, ékologicheskimi i sotsial'nymi faktorami.

The authors elaborated a medical and ecologic questionnaire for specific history. The questionnaire was applied to express-evaluation of public health state and environmental factors in the certain settlement. The health state was proved to be influenced significantly by occupational conditions, hardiness and intensity of work, psychologic climate. The most hazardous environmental factors are: unsatisfactory quality of drinkable water, air pollution and traffic noise. The lifestyle of the population examined is strongly associated with bad habits (smoking, short sleep, alcohol abuse).

[Hypothermia during general anesthesia and methods of its prevention]. / Navedennaia gipotermiia vo vremia obshchei anestezii i sopsoby ee profilaktiki

In the article great attention is paid to prophylaxis of hypothermal disturbances in heat exchange during the process of general anesthesia, it comprises the use of complex methods of protection against hypothermia. It is the authors' opinion that the state of thermal balance should be followed as carefully during general anesthesia as hemostatic indices, since normothermia improved considerably the clinical course of narcosis and postoperative period, as well.

[Effect of freon-114B2 (1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane) on the seasonal rhythm of energy activity in rat liver mitochondria]. / Vliianie freona 114B2 (1,2-dibromtetraftoretana) na sezonnyi ritm energeticheskoi aktivnosti mitokhondrii pecheni krys.

In the experiments with white rats it was found, that the inhalation of freon 114B2 at CL16, CL50, CL84 levels caused the changes in seasonal values of the energy activity in mitochondria. The action of the freon 114B2 caused disturbances in regulation of the mitochondria activity and desynchronization of seasonal rhythms of their energy activity.