RESUMEN
Trastuzumab is a standard molecular targeted therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) -positive breast cancer, which can significantly improve the survival of patients with this molecular subtype of breast cancer. However, the clinical problem of onset or secondary resistance to trastuzumab has limited its efficacy. Therefore, it is very important to explore the mechanism of trastuzumab resistance and formulate countermeasures. Our study described the underlying molecular mechanism of trastuzumab resistance including ERBB2 mutations and nuclear localization, transcriptional and post-translational alterations of ERBB2, over-activation of bypass signaling pathways activation and so on. Then summarize the potential emerging predicting biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for trastuzumab resistance, in order to provide research direction for reversing trastuzumab resistance.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To establish the Chinese version of the modified children's fear survey schedule-dental subscale (CFSS-DS). METHODS: The original English version of CFSS-DS with facial image scale (FIS) was translated into Chinese, pre-tested and cross-culturally adapted. Subsequently the Chinese version schedule was randomly investigated among 367 children aged 5 - 12 years and their parents. Reliability and validity of the translated scale was evaluated later. RESULTS: Totally 367 children were investigated and 311 valid questionnaire was received. Cronbach's alpha of the translated scale was 0.85 and test-rest reliability was 0.73. The 15 items were divided into four domains. There was a certain logical relationship between the items among the same domains. There was highly significant association between the self-report of the Modified CFSS-DS and Frankl Behavioral Scale (r(s) = -0.403, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese version of modified CFSS-DS has been established successfully with good psychometric properties which provide the theoretical evidence for further application in Chinese population.