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1.
Cell ; 148(1-2): 126-38, 2012 Jan 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22265407

RESUMEN

A biofilm is an organized, resilient group of microbes in which individual cells acquire properties, such as drug resistance, that are distinct from those observed in suspension cultures. Here, we describe and analyze the transcriptional network controlling biofilm formation in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, whose biofilms are a major source of medical device-associated infections. We have combined genetic screens, genome-wide approaches, and two in vivo animal models to describe a master circuit controlling biofilm formation, composed of six transcription regulators that form a tightly woven network with ∼1,000 target genes. Evolutionary analysis indicates that the biofilm network has rapidly evolved: genes in the biofilm circuit are significantly weighted toward genes that arose relatively recently with ancient genes being underrepresented. This circuit provides a framework for understanding many aspects of biofilm formation by C. albicans in a mammalian host. It also provides insights into how complex cell behaviors can arise from the evolution of transcription circuits.


Asunto(s)
Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Candida albicans/genética , Evolución Molecular , Regulación Fúngica de la Expresión Génica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Animales , Candida albicans/fisiología , Candida albicans/ultraestructura , Candidiasis Bucal/microbiología , Candidiasis Vulvovaginal/microbiología , Infecciones Relacionadas con Catéteres/microbiología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Genes Fúngicos , Masculino , Microscopía Confocal , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología
2.
J Appl Microbiol ; 135(6)2024 Jun 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38744659

RESUMEN

AIM: This study investigated the effectiveness of a drug-modified tissue conditioner in an animal model of denture stomatitis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Wistar rats wore a Candida albicans-contaminated palatal device for 4 days. Next, nystatin (Nys) or chlorhexidine (Chx) were added to a tissue conditioner in their raw or ß-cyclodextrin-complexed (ßCD) forms at their minimum inhibitory concentrations. As controls, one group was not subjected to any procedure (NC), one group used sterile devices, one group had denture stomatitis but was not treated (DS), and another had the devices relined with the tissue conditioner without the addition of any drug (Soft). After 4 days of treatment, treatment effectiveness was assessed visually, histologically, and through CFU count, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) assays. Rats from the Soft, Nys, Nys:ßCD, and Chx groups presented a significant decrease in the microbial load compared with the untreated group. Treatment groups showed lower MPO and NAG activity compared to the non-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of antifungals to a soft tissue conditioner can be a promising approach for denture stomatitis treatment.


Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos , Candida albicans , Clorhexidina , Nistatina , Ratas Wistar , Estomatitis Subprotética , Animales , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología , Estomatitis Subprotética/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratas , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Nistatina/farmacología , Nistatina/uso terapéutico , Clorhexidina/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Masculino , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Candidiasis Bucal/tratamiento farmacológico , Candidiasis Bucal/microbiología , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Acetilglucosaminidasa/metabolismo , beta-Ciclodextrinas
3.
BMC Oral Health ; 24(1): 84, 2024 Jan 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38229054

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been recently proposed as a promising alternative therapy for Denture Stomatitis (DS). The present systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the current available evidence regarding the efficacy of PDT in the management of DS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ProQuest were searched up to June 7, 2023. All relevant clinical trials were included. RevMan software was used for the statistical analyses. RESULTS: Elven randomized clinical trials (460 DS patients) were included. Eight studies assessed the efficacy of PDT vs. topical antifungal therapy, while three studies assessed the adjunctive use of PDT (PDT + antifungal therapy) vs. topical antifungal therapy alone. The results revealed comparable efficacy of PDT and conventional antifungal therapy on candida colonization at 15 days (MD: 0.95, 95% CI: -0.28, 2.19, p = 0.13) and at the end of follow-up (MD: -0.17, 95% CI: -1.33, 0.98, p = 0.77). The pooled two studies revealed relatively better efficacy of adjunctive use of PDT with antifungal therapy on candida colonization compared to antifungal therapy alone at 15 days (MD: -6.67, 95% CI: -15.15, 1.82, p = 0.12), and at the end of follow-up (MD: -7.14, 95% CI: -19.78, 5.50, p = 0.27). Additionally, the results revealed comparable efficacy of PDT and topical antifungal therapy on the clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: PDT might be considered a viable option for DS either as an adjunct or as an alternative to the topical antifungal medications. Further studies with adequate sample sizes and standardized PDT parameters are warranted.


Asunto(s)
Fotoquimioterapia , Estomatitis Subprotética , Humanos , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Candida , Estomatitis Subprotética/tratamiento farmacológico , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología
4.
BMC Oral Health ; 24(1): 71, 2024 Jan 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38212756

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Denture stomatitis (DS) is an inflammatory disorder that affects the mucosal surface underneath the dentures and frequently causes oral mucosal irritation, discomfort, and altered taste perception, which prevents people from consuming enough nutrients. One of the main causes of DS is an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans (C. albicans). A possible alternative treatment for Candida infections is thought to be laser therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate how different wavelengths of laser would affect growth and pathogenic properties of Candida albicans. METHODS: A concentration of 106 viable cells/ml of Candida albicans were used in the preparation process. Four groups were created from the specimens. Culturing of the control group was completed with no intervention. The other 3 groups received laser radiation for 60 seconds at a power of 1W. The 2nd and 3rd groups were irradiated with diode laser at a wavelength of 940 nm and 980 nm respectively. The 4th group was irradiated with Nd-YAG laser at a wavelength of 1064 nm. Turbidimetric growth was defined as variations in the optical density of fungal growth. These measures were made at three different times: baseline, 48 hours, and 72 hours. RESULTS: In both groups of diode laser, the growth of Candida albicans showed no remarkable differences at baseline, after 48 and 72 hours using a power of 1 W and duration of 60 seconds. The Nd-YAG group showed significant increase in optical density after 48 hrs then significant decrease after 72 hrs. The optical density values in the control group showed no notable difference between the control and diode study groups at different time periods. However, the Nd:YAG group showed a statistically significant difference compared to the control and the 2 diode laser groups. CONCLUSIONS: Different laser parameters have a different effect on growth and pathogenic properties of Candida albicans. Diode laser therapy with wavelengths 940 and 980 nm used in continuous mode with power of 1 W for duration of 60 seconds can result in proliferation of Candida albicans instead of destroying them. Nd:YAG laser, used in pulsed mode, with power of 1 W for a duration of 60 seconds can be used to destroy Candida albicans and therefore, can be used as an effective treatment for denture stomatitis.


Asunto(s)
Láseres de Estado Sólido , Estomatitis Subprotética , Humanos , Estomatitis Subprotética/radioterapia , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología , Candida albicans , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Inflamación/patología
5.
J Prosthodont ; 32(7): 560-570, 2023 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36988151

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: An interdisciplinary clinical review on denture stomatitis formulated by experts from prosthodontics, oral medicine, and oral microbiology is presented. The review outlines the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and management strategies of denture stomatitis from an interdisciplinary perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: English-language articles relating to the definition, incidence, gender distribution, geographical distribution, etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms, signs, treatment, and prognosis of denture stomatitis were retrieved via electronic literature search. Relevant articles were summarized for this manuscript with a view toward providing pragmatic information. RESULTS: Denture stomatitis represents a very common, multifactorial infectious, inflammatory, and hyperplastic condition which is primarily caused by poor oral hygiene, poor denture hygiene, and full-time; mainly night-time denture wear, bringing about the emergence of advanced Candida-containing polymicrobial biofilms in close proximity to the host's mucosal tissues. Denture stomatitis shares clinically relevant associations with dental caries, periodontitis, median rhomboid glossitis, angular cheilitis, aspirational pneumonia, and associated mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Effective, long-term treatment of denture stomatitis relies upon sustained patient-driven behavioral change which should focus on daily prosthesis-level cleaning and disinfection, removal of dentures at night, every night, engagement with professional denture maintenance, and when required, denture replacement. Antifungal medications offer limited benefits outside of short-term use due to the emergence of antifungal resistance. For frail, older, medically compromised, and nursing home populations, treatment of denture stomatitis lowers the risk of aspirational pneumonia and associated mortality.


Asunto(s)
Caries Dental , Neumonía , Estomatitis Subprotética , Humanos , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología , Antifúngicos , Neumonía/complicaciones , Candida albicans
6.
Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent ; 31(2): 152-160, 2023 May 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36164988

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To investigate antifungal and mechanical properties after the impregnation of Dimethyl Amino-ethyl Hexa-decyl Di-methacrylate (DMAHDM) alone or in combination with Nystatin in polymethylmethacrylate. METHODOLOGY: The control group was fabricated by mixing powder and liquid of PMMA at the ratio of 2.5:1 g/mL. The DMAHDM was added to PMMA liquid and were mixed with PMMA powder. The Nystatin (500,000 International Units (IU)) was mixed with PMMA powder, whereby the composite powder was mixed with the DMAHDM-based liquid. The prepared specimens were tested for fungal adhesion testing (at days 1 and 30), impact strength and flexural strength. Oneway ANOVA post-hoc Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Statistical analysis for the adhesion assay revealed that the antifungal activities of unaged and aged specimens in experimental groups were statistically significant as compared to control group A. The groups containing DMAHDM with Nystatin have shown statistically reduced flexural strength. The impact strength test revealed that groups containing 20% DMAHDM alone and DMAHDM with Nystatin showed statistically reduced impact strength compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Antifungal activities of experimental PMMA resin was increased. The addition of DMAHDM alone in PMMA resin has no deleterious effects on impact and flexural strength, however, at higher concentration values were reduced.


Asunto(s)
Resinas Acrílicas , Antifúngicos , Candidiasis Bucal , Metacrilatos , Nistatina , Polimetil Metacrilato , Estomatitis Subprotética , Humanos , Nistatina/farmacología , Polvos , Propiedades de Superficie , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Estomatitis Subprotética/tratamiento farmacológico , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología , Candidiasis Bucal/tratamiento farmacológico
7.
Infect Immun ; 87(12)2019 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31527130

RESUMEN

Candida-associated denture stomatitis (DS) is a persistent and chronic oral infection of the denture-bearing palatal mucosa. DS stems from the ability of the fungal opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans to adhere to denture material and invade palatal tissue. Although DS is the most prevalent form of oral candidiasis, there are currently no feasible therapeutic strategies for the prevention of this recurrent condition. We developed a peptide-based antimicrobial bioadhesive formulation specifically designed for oral topical formulation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the applicability of the novel formulation for the prevention of C. albicans colonization on denture material and development of clinical disease. To that end, using the latest technological advances in dental digital design and three-dimensional (3D) printing, we fabricated an intraoral device for rats with universal fit. The device was successfully installed and used to develop clinical DS. Importantly, by taking a preventative therapeutic approach, we demonstrated the potential clinical utility of the novel formulation as a safe and feasible prophylactic agent against DS.


Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Candidiasis Bucal/prevención & control , Cementos Dentales/farmacología , Estomatitis Subprotética/prevención & control , Animales , Antifúngicos/química , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Candida albicans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Candidiasis Bucal/tratamiento farmacológico , Candidiasis Bucal/microbiología , Cementos Dentales/química , Dentaduras/microbiología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Masculino , Mucosa Bucal/microbiología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Estomatitis Subprotética/tratamiento farmacológico , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología
8.
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents ; 33(3 Suppl. 1): 35-41. DENTAL SUPPLEMENT, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31538448

RESUMEN

Candida species are commensal yeasts of the oral cavity, which, under predisposing systemic and/or local circumstances, are responsible for a wide variety of clinical manifestations, globally known as oral candidiasis. Candida-associated denture stomatitis is an oral candidiasis particularly affecting the oral mucosa covered by a dental prosthesis, with several degree of severity. Diabetics suffer oral candidiasis more frequently than healthy individuals do and if they are denture wearers, the risk increases. Since various controversies still remain regarding the interrelationship among diabetes, oral Candida spp. strains involved in denture stomatitis and the presence of dentures, the present review aims to investigate the differences in Candida species frequencies and degree of denture stomatitis severity existing among diabetic and non- diabetic individuals, with and without dentures.


Asunto(s)
Candida/clasificación , Candidiasis Bucal/complicaciones , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/microbiología , Diabetes Mellitus , Estomatitis Subprotética/complicaciones , Dentaduras , Humanos , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología
9.
Lett Appl Microbiol ; 68(4): 337-343, 2019 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30825340

RESUMEN

Candida-associated denture stomatitis presents as erythema of the palatal mucosa and is caused by biofilms containing the fungus Candida albicans that co-reside with oral bacteria on the denture-fitting surface. This study aimed to assess the effect of several frequently encountered oral bacteria on the expression of C. albicans virulence factors in in vitro polymicrobial biofilms. Biofilms containing C. albicans and selected bacterial species were grown on denture acrylic, and analysed by microscopy and by qPCR for expression of putative virulence genes. Candida albicans-only biofilms showed limited hyphal production. Hyphal development was significantly (P < 0·001) increased when biofilms also contained four species of oral bacteria (Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces odontolyticus and Actinomyces viscosus), as was the expression of virulence genes (P < 0·05). Importantly, inclusion of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the biofilm consortium resulted in significant (P < 0·05) inhibition of virulence gene expression and production of hyphae. The in vitro expression of C. albicans virulence factors was modulated in polymicrobial biofilms. The complexity of this modulation was highlighted by the reversal of effects following introduction of a single bacterial species into a biofilm community. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The impact of individual bacterial species on Candida albicans virulence highlights both the complexity of predicting infection mediated by polymicrobial communities and the potential for management through pro- or prebiotic therapy. The possibility to selectively modulate microbial virulence by addition of, or treatment with pro- or prebiotics avoids the use of conventional antimicrobial compounds, thus reducing the contribution to potential drug resistance. Understanding which bacterial species modulate virulence, and the mechanisms by which this occurs, particularly in biofilms, provides excellent foundations for further research questions, and the potential for novel clinical interventions.


Asunto(s)
Actinomyces/metabolismo , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Candida albicans/patogenicidad , Boca/microbiología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/metabolismo , Streptococcus/metabolismo , Actinomyces/clasificación , Regulación Fúngica de la Expresión Génica , Hifa/crecimiento & desarrollo , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología , Streptococcus/clasificación , Virulencia , Factores de Virulencia
10.
BMC Oral Health ; 19(1): 219, 2019 10 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31604449

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The small-colony variants (SCVs) of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from persistent and recurrent infections, especially after placement of medical devices having direct contact with human tissues. The emergence of SCVs is a survival strategy of S. aureus which enables them to hide inside host's cells and induces a less severe immune response than to wild-type S. aureus. However, contrary to other medical devices, dental prosthesis as a surface potentially colonized by SCVs of S. aureus has not been examined thus far. We reported the first case of SCVs - S. aureus infection in denture wearer. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old woman with a complete removable acrylic denture presented extensive elevated erythematous lesions on the palate, compatible with denture stomatitis. The patient had a history of arterial hypertension, cigarette smoking and wearing denture at night. The fungal colonies, identified as Candida albicans, were cultured on Sabouraud agar. From three swabs (from hard palate mucosa, denture surface and angular cheilitis lesions) were cultured of pinpoint, clear, non-pigmented, and non-haemolytic colonies on Columbia agar. The small colonies turned out to be Gram-positive cocci, catalase-, Pastorex Staph Plus -, and clumping factor-positive, and oxidase-negative. Suspected phenotypically SCVs forms were definitively identified as S. aureus based on PCR amplification of species specific nuc and coa genes. Methicillin-resistance was verified by mecA gene detection. The isolates turned out to be susceptible to methicillin (MSSA) and resistant to gentamicin. The isolate was identified as menadione-auxotrophic variant. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrated that oral cavity in denture wearers may be a reservoir of small-colony variants of S. aureus, besides C. albicans. The prevalence of these bacteria and their role in the pathogenesis of oral diseases are not understood. Due to problems with their detection and identification, the true prevalence of oral SCVs may be underestimated.


Asunto(s)
Prótesis Dental/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Prótesis Dental/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Estomatitis Subprotética/diagnóstico , Estomatitis Subprotética/tratamiento farmacológico , Resultado del Tratamiento
11.
J Prosthodont ; 28(2): 202-208, 2019 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30536831

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Denture stomatitis is a common condition manifested by inflammation of the oral mucous membrane beneath a denture. The objective of this study was to compare the transcriptome of human palatal mucosa with chronic oral stomatitis-associated Candida albicans infection to that of healthy oral mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Oral palatal biopsies were obtained from 17 healthy and 15 C. albicans-infected stomatitis subjects for whole transcriptome analyses. The presence of C. albicans was confirmed by cytology and cultivable methods. The clinical severity of the stomatitis was evaluated by the Newton Classification (Class II or III). For transcriptome analyses a false discovery rate (FDR) of <0.05 was used, and the effects of age, race, and gender were evaluated by principle component analysis (PCA). Specific differentially expressed genes identified by mRNA array data were confirmed by measurements of salivary protein expression using multiplex analyses. RESULTS: Microarray analysis of mRNA expression indicated that in C. albicans stomatitis there were 3034 genes-in-play that were differentially expressed and met the FDR < 0.05 criteria. Two hundred thirty five (235) genes were up-regulated >2-fold, and 71 genes were down-regulated >2-fold. Five of the 6 most significant gene ontology pathways involve inflammation and activation of the immune response with CD28 and CTLA signaling of T cells. There was strong up-regulation of TLR2, CD14, MYD88, IKKA, and NFKB as the dominant toll-like receptor-signaling pathway. The expression of several extracellularly expressed inflammatory protein genes was up-regulated in candidiasis, and 2 were confirmed as up-regulated within the saliva using protein multiplexing analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophil recruitment and activation, epithelial suppression, and T-cell activation appear as major pathways in chronic oral candidiasis. Tissue up-regulation of TLR2 pathways, as well as potential C. albicans binding proteins, was observed, whereas keratin and adhesion molecule synthesis were down-regulated. Several candidate biomarkers to potentially identify the presence of oral candidiasis were differentially expressed in tissues and saliva.


Asunto(s)
Candidiasis Bucal/genética , Expresión Génica , Estomatitis Subprotética/genética , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología , Biopsia , Enfermedad Crónica , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Humanos , Análisis de Componente Principal , Análisis por Matrices de Proteínas , Transcriptoma
12.
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents ; 32(2 Suppl. 1): 113-116, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29460527

RESUMEN

Candida albicans is a typical commensal microorganism of the oral cavity that can become virulent in certain conditions and cause denture stomatitis (DS). Many conditions can predispose for DS, including local and systemic alterations. The therapeutical approach to DS is various and both topical and systemic alternatives can be considered. Azoles molecules are the most common used, both topically and systemically, but in recent years various alternatives have been proposed. This review aims to examine the scientific literature to evaluate the effectiveness of conventional therapies and the potential of the new ones.


Asunto(s)
Candida albicans , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología , Estomatitis Subprotética/terapia , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos
13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28115357

RESUMEN

The fungal pathogen Candida albicans causes a variety of oral infections, including denture stomatitis, which is characterized by inflammation of the oral mucosa in direct contact with dentures and affects a significant number of otherwise healthy denture wearers. While antifungal treatment reduces symptoms, infections are often recurrent. One strategy to address this problem is to incorporate compounds with fungicidal activities into denture materials to prevent colonization. Our laboratory synthesized novel derivatives of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), which is an organic compound typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions. DABCO derivatives with different aliphatic chain lengths (DC16, DC16F, DC18, and C6DC16), as well as methacrylate monomers conjugated to DABCO compounds (DC11MAF and C2DC11MAF), were synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activity. All the compounds exhibited fungicidal activity against several Candida species at concentrations ranging between 2 and 4 µg/ml. Moreover, acrylic denture base resins fabricated to contain 1, 2, or 4 wt% DABCO compounds inhibited surface C. albicans biofilm formation, as well as fungal growth, in disc diffusion assays. Remarkably, discs (4 wt%) aged for 2 months also exhibited approximately 100% growth-inhibitory activity. While some DABCO compounds exerted intermediate to high cytotoxicity against mammalian oral cell types, DC11MAF and denture base resin discs containing 2 or 4 wt% C2DC11MAF exhibited relatively low cytotoxicity against periodontal ligament (PDL) cell and gingival fibroblast (GF) lines, as well as primary oral epithelial cells. These studies demonstrate that DABCO derivatives can be incorporated into denture materials and exert fungicidal activity with minimal cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. DC11MAF and C2DC11MAF are considered strong candidates as therapeutic or preventive alternatives against Candida-associated denture stomatitis.


Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/farmacología , Bases para Dentadura , Piperazinas/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología
14.
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents ; 31(2): 343-346, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28685534

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to assess the oral Candida carriage and species prevalence in denture stomatitis (DS) patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). To address the focused question "In patients receiving dentures, how does having diabetes compared to no diabetes influences the carriage and species prevalence of oral Candida?" Indexed databases were explored without time or language restrictions up to and including February 2017. Nine studies were included. In these studies, the number of diabetics ranged between 14 patients and 405 individuals with mean ages ranging between 33 years and 66.4 years. In five studies, the percentage of hyperglycemic patients in the diabetic group ranged from 14.3% to 100%. In one study, all diabetic patients were normoglycemic. Seven studies reported Candida-associated DS to be significantly higher among diabetics than non-diabetics. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species isolated among diabetics and non-diabetics with DS. Denture-wearers with DM are more susceptible to Candida-associated DS as compared to non-diabetics.


Asunto(s)
Candida albicans , Candidiasis/microbiología , Diabetes Mellitus/microbiología , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología , Humanos
15.
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents ; 31(2 Suppl 1): 45-52, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28691453

RESUMEN

Denture adhesives are widely used in dentistry. The growth of Candida albicans on the denture base is common on both jaws, particularly in elderly patients. A strong correlation has been found between the growth of Candida albicans and dentures, potentially leading to denture stomatitis. Recent studies show that the addition of chlorhexidine diacetate (CHDA) to denture adhesives can have a protective effect against denture stomatitis. The aim of this research is to examine the antifungal properties of three denture adhesives when CHDA is added. We hypothesize that the addition of CHDA to denture adhesives will result in antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Three denture adhesive materials (Corega, Protefix and Kukident) were prepared with and without the addition of CHDA in order to measure whether CHDA increased the resistance of the adhesives to the growth of Candida albicans. Dynamic and static intercellular changes were assessed through direct contact test (DCT) and confocal microscopy. The tested materials were evaluated immediately after setting and at 14 days post-setting. When combined with CHDA, all three denture adhesive materials decreased Candida albicans growth compared to the control (p less than 0.0001). This inhibition of growth was more prominent in the first 24 h. The confocal microscopy results supported the DCT findings. The addition of CHDA to denture adhesive pastes inhibits growth of Candida albicans, and may potentially reduce the incidence of denture stomatitis. Further studies are warranted.


Asunto(s)
Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Candida albicans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Clorhexidina/farmacología , Cementos Dentales/química , Cementos Dentales/farmacología , Dentaduras/microbiología , Estomatitis Subprotética/prevención & control , Anciano , Candidiasis Bucal/prevención & control , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología
16.
Oral Health Prev Dent ; 15(3): 259-268, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28674706

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Systemic immune activation has been recently linked to chronic inflammatory disorders of the oral cavity, particularly to periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment of a fungus-induced oral inflammation, namely denture-related stomatitis (DRS), can affect the activation of the systemic immune response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood from patients with denture-related stomatitis caused by Candida albicans infection (n = 15) was collected at three time points: before treatment with nystatin, at the end of therapy and 2 months after finishing therapy. Activation of T cells and monocytes was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The percentages of peripheral lymphocytes, T cells and their subpopulations, as well as monocytes were similar before, immediately following and two months after nystatin treatment. Cells expressing early activation marker CD69 and RANTES C-C chemokine receptor type 5 significantly increased immediately after treatment and returned to baseline levels after two months. Th17 cells, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of DRS, remained unchanged. Central memory CD4+ subset and intermediate subset of monocytes were lower after therapy and this effect was sustained for two months. CONCLUSION: Treatment of denture-related stomatitis does not seem to affect the general state of the cellular components of the immune system. The results suggest a potential proinflammatory effect of the antifungal agent, nystatin. Although transient and not intense, this effect might be of particular clinical importance, because of relationships between inflammation and certain diseases. Further studies are required to clarify this aspect.


Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Candidiasis Bucal/sangre , Candidiasis Bucal/dietoterapia , Monocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Nistatina/farmacología , Nistatina/uso terapéutico , Estomatitis Subprotética/sangre , Estomatitis Subprotética/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología
17.
J Prosthodont ; 26(1): 19-28, 2017 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26883670

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Chronic inflammatory disorders of the oral cavity, such as periodontitis, were recently linked to systemic immune activation. Since fungal oral infections have not yet been studied in this respect, the aim of our study is to determine whether the local inflammation caused by oral fungal infection of the palatal tissue (denture stomatitis-DS) is associated with the systemic inflammatory response. This question is becoming essential as the population ages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood of DS patients (n = 20) and control patients (n = 24) was assessed with flow cytometry to determine lymphocyte and monocyte profiles. Intracellular cytometric analysis was carried out to establish cytokine production by T cells. DS was diagnosed based on clinical symptoms of DS such as swelling and redness of oral mucosa, confirmed by microbiological swabs for fungal colonization with Candida species. The control group was recruited from denture users without clinical and microbiological signs of oral infections. RESULTS: Percentages of peripheral lymphocytes, T cells, monocytes, and their subpopulations were similar in both studied groups. The exception was median percentages of CD25+ T cell subsets, which were significantly lower in DS patients than in control subjects. This reduction was observed in both CD4 T cell subset (16.7% and 28.1%; p = 0.0006) and CD8 T cell subset (4.6% and 7.0%; p = 0.007) CONCLUSIONS: While DS and associated local fungal infection do not overtly affect activation of monocytes or lymphocytes, the number of CD 25+ T cells is significantly lower in the DS patients, possibly indicating limited potential for the infection clearance in denture-using aging patients.


Asunto(s)
Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Estomatitis Subprotética/inmunología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Anciano , Candidiasis Bucal/inmunología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología
18.
Cytokine ; 77: 145-51, 2016 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26587801

RESUMEN

Candida-associated denture stomatitis (DS) is the most frequent lesion among denture wearers, especially the elderly. DS is strongly associated with Candida albicans, as well as local and systemic factors, such as impaired immune response. Monocytes are important in the protective immune response against the fungus by the production of cytokines that recruit and activate leukocytes. There are functional changes in these cells with age, and individual alterations involving monocyte response may predispose the host to developing infections by Candida spp. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the production of TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL8, IL-1ß, MCP-1 and IL-10 by monocytes from elderly denture wearers with/without DS and elderly or young non-denture wearers. We detected that monocytes from elderly denture wearers with Candida-related denture stomatitis produced lower levels of CXCL-8, IL-6 and MCP-1. This imbalance in cytokine levels was observed in spontaneous or LPS-stimulated production. Therefore, our data suggested that inherent aspects of the host, such as changes in cytokine production by monocytes, might be associated with the development and the persistence of DS irrespective of aging.


Asunto(s)
Candida/inmunología , Candidiasis/inmunología , Citocinas/inmunología , Mediadores de Inflamación/inmunología , Monocitos/inmunología , Estomatitis Subprotética/inmunología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Candida/clasificación , Candida/fisiología , Candida albicans/inmunología , Candida albicans/fisiología , Candida tropicalis/inmunología , Candida tropicalis/fisiología , Candidiasis/metabolismo , Candidiasis/microbiología , Quimiocina CCL2/inmunología , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/inmunología , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/inmunología , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/inmunología , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Monocitos/metabolismo , Monocitos/microbiología , Especificidad de la Especie , Estomatitis Subprotética/metabolismo , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología
19.
Gerodontology ; 33(2): 209-16, 2016 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25070079

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of denture base resin containing silver nanoparticles (nano-silver) on Candida albicans adhesion and biofilm formation. BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies report that approximately 70% of removable denture wearers suffer from denture stomatitis. Candida albicans adhesion and biofilm formation are regarded as essential prerequisites for denture stomatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The bioactivity and biomass of C. albicans biofilm, which was incubated in a series of twofold dilutions of nano-silver suspension at 37°C for 24 h, were determined using XTT reduction and crystal violet assays, respectively. The denture base resin specimens containing nano-silver were then used in C. albicans adhesion (37°C; 90 min; n = 9) and biofilm formation assays (37°C; 72 h; n = 9). Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to evaluate the architectural properties of average thickness and live/dead cell ratio in the different biofilm stages that developed on the specimens. RESULTS: The bioactivity and biomass of C. albicans biofilm successively decreased with increasing nano-silver solution concentration. Denture base resin containing nano-silver had no effect on adhesion at low concentrations, but it exhibited anti-adhesion activity at a high concentration (5%). For 72 h biofilm formed on the resin specimens, the thickness and live/dead cell ratio were successively reduced with increasing nano-silver concentrations. CONCLUSION: Nano-silver had antifungal activity and inhibited C. albicans biofilm formation. Antifungal activity and an inhibitory effect on adhesion and biofilm formation by denture base resin containing nano-silver were discovered, especially at a higher concentration.


Asunto(s)
Resinas Acrílicas/farmacología , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Candida albicans/fisiología , Bases para Dentadura/microbiología , Nanopartículas , Plata/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Candidiasis Bucal/microbiología , Candidiasis Bucal/prevención & control , Humanos , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología , Estomatitis Subprotética/prevención & control
20.
AAPS PharmSciTech ; 17(6): 1441-1449, 2016 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26821915

RESUMEN

This work aims to develop the herbal oil-incorporated nanostructure mats with antifungal activity for the prevention and treatment of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. The nanofiber mats loaded with betel oil or clove oil were fabricated via electrospinning process. The morphologies and physicochemical properties of the herbal oil loaded nanofiber mats were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical testing. The release characteristic, antifungal activity, and cytotoxicity were also investigated. The SEM images confirmed the homogeneous and smooth nanoscale fibers. The addition of the herbal oil into the nanofiber mats reduced the fiber diameters. The DSC and FT-IR results confirmed the presence of the oil in the nanofiber mats. The herbal oils can be released from the mats in a very fast manner and inhibit the growth of candida cells within only few minutes after contact. These nanofiber mats may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of denture stomatitis.


Asunto(s)
Nanoestructuras/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Preparaciones de Plantas/química , Povidona/química , Estomatitis Subprotética/prevención & control , beta-Ciclodextrinas/química , 2-Hidroxipropil-beta-Ciclodextrina , Antifúngicos/química , Rastreo Diferencial de Calorimetría/métodos , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/métodos , Nanofibras/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Estomatitis Subprotética/microbiología
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