RESUMEN
A chemical study on the fruiting bodies of cultivated edible mushroom Inonotus hispidus resulted in 14 metabolites including three new hispolon congeners, named inonophenols A-B and one new lanostane triterpenoid, named inonoterpene A. These structures were identified by NMR, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data analysis. All metabolites were assessed for neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative activities. Among them, inonophenols B and C were the most active in promoting PC-12 cell neurite outgrowth at a concentration of 10 µM. The phenolic derivatives reduced NO generation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 microglial cells by suppressing the expression of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and the nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway as well as the inflammatory mediators including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Moreover, the phenolics showed antioxidant effects in DPPH scavenging assay with the IC50 values of 9.82-21.43 µM. These findings showed that I. hispidus may be a new source of neurotrophic and protective agents against neurodegenerative disorders.
Asunto(s)
Inonotus/química , Fenoles/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Esteroides/química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ciclooxigenasa 2/genética , Ciclooxigenasa 2/inmunología , Inonotus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Espectrometría de Masas , Ratones , FN-kappa B/genética , FN-kappa B/inmunología , Neuritas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuritas/inmunología , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/inmunología , Células PC12 , Fenoles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Células RAW 264.7 , Ratas , Esteroides/farmacologíaRESUMEN
This study led in the pioneering technique incubated in a bioreactor with the forced air injection system. The purpose of this study was to establish the optimal incubation conditions for this technique. The results showed that the speed at which Inonotus obliquus was incubated with the forced air injection system was superior to that with a normal bioreactor. A nitrogen to oxygen ratio of 50:50 provided the best results with the forced air injection system, including in terms of the achievement of biomass, total triterpenes, betulinic acid content, and the scavenging activities of DPPH radicals, which reached up to 21.3 g/1000 mL, 2.1 g/1000 mL, 1.9 g/1000 mL, and 87.3%, respectively. The results showed that the bioreactor with the forced air injection system could more effectively incubate I. obliquus by using less vapor while still utilizing a model close to that of a traditional bioreactor. The innovative bioreactor fermentation model was thus more economical than the traditional bioreactor model.