RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Speculum lubrication with water-based gels before cervical smear sampling has been investigated and commented on thoroughly during the last decade. The present meta-analysis was based on randomized and quasi-randomized control trials and evaluated its impact on unsatisfactory cytologic results. We also assessed its efficacy in producing lower pain scores during speculum insertion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched MEDLINE (1966- 2013), Scopus (2004-2013), Clinicaltrials.org (1997-2013), Popline (1973-2013), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (1999-2013), and Google Scholar (2004-2013) engines for published randomized control trials, as well as the reference lists from all the included studies. RESULTS: Five randomized trials and 2 quasi-randomized trials were included in the present review involving 8,717 women. Unsatisfactory results based on conventional cytology did not statistically differ among procedures performed with lubricated speculums and those without (odds ratio = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.64-1.37). Consequently, pain scores also did not differ significantly among the 2 groups (odds ratio = -0.37, 95% CI = -1.10 to 0.36). Only 2 studies evaluated unsatisfactory results on liquid-based cytology, precluding firm results. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that speculum lubrication does not interfere with the rates of unsatisfactory results when examination is based on conventional cytology. Conversely, however, the limited number of studies evaluating speculum lubrication on liquid-based cytology precludes firm conclusions.
Asunto(s)
Lubricantes/administración & dosificación , Lubricantes/efectos adversos , Lubrificación/efectos adversos , Manejo de Especímenes/métodos , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Frotis Vaginal/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
An analytical method for determining wear metal elements directly by ICP-AES was proposed in this paper. The optimum condition was selected. The Conostan S-21 and Conostan 75 (oil-base standard samples) prepared by multi-element oil-base reserved standard samples were applied to make calibration curve. Oil samples were diluted 5 times by kerosene. The contents of wear metals in lubrication oil were determined by ICP-AES. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of all elements was less than 1%. In addition, the authors represented the analytical efficacy of Leeman labs multi-track profile ICP, and its rapid and accurate characters of simultaneous multi-element measurement.
Asunto(s)
Metales/análisis , Aceites/química , Espectrofotometría Atómica/métodos , Calibración , Electroquímica/métodos , Lubrificación/efectos adversos , Tamaño de la Partícula , Estándares de ReferenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To provide an updated review of condom migration as a means of highlighting methodological issues for future studies of this behavioural issue. METHODS: Electronic searches of PubMed, MEDLINE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were carried out in October 2010 and updated in January 2011 for English-language articles published from 1994 onward. RESULTS: Evidence addressing condom migration from microbicides and vaccines is vastly underdeveloped, simply because these products are still experimental. In contrast, the more advanced evidence regarding male circumcision is hopeful because it suggests that migration may not be an overwhelming issue. Nonetheless, the entire body of empirical evidence on this question could be substantially expanded and improved. CONCLUSION: Until stronger evidence suggests that condom migration is unlikely, it is important to be mindful of the potential for condom migration to occur in response to biomedical interventions (circumcision, microbicides and vaccines).