RESUMEN
The concepts of sustainability and sustainable chemistry have attracted increasing attention in recent years, being of great importance to the younger generation. In this Viewpoint Article, we share how early-career chemists can contribute to the sustainable transformation of their discipline. We identify ways in which they can engage to catalyse action for change. This article does not attempt to answer questions about the most promising or pressing areas driving research and chemical innovation in the context of sustainability. Instead, we want to inspire and engage early-career chemists in pursuing sustainable actions by showcasing opportunities in education, outreach and policymaking, research culture and publishing, while highlighting existing challenges and the complexity of the topic. We want to empower early-career chemists by providing resources and ideas for engagement for a sustainable future globally. While the article focuses on students and early-career chemists, it provides insights to further stimulate the engagement of scientists from diverse backgrounds.
Asunto(s)
Química , Humanos , Química/economía , Química/educación , Química/tendencias , Desarrollo SostenibleAsunto(s)
Técnicas de Química Sintética/instrumentación , Técnicas de Química Sintética/métodos , Química/instrumentación , Química/tendencias , Automatización/instrumentación , Automatización/métodos , Química/métodos , Técnicas de Química Sintética/tendencias , Robótica/instrumentación , Robótica/métodos , Robótica/tendenciasRESUMEN
This review summarizes the recent advances concerning metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) modified with several biomolecules (e.g., amino acids, nucleobases, proteins, antibodies, aptamers, etc.) as ligands to prepare affinity-based sorbents for application in the sample preparation field. The preparation and incorporation strategies of these MOF-based affinity materials were described. Additionally, the different types of ligands that can be employed for the synthesis of these biocomposites and their application as sorbents for the selective extraction of molecules and clean-up of complex real samples is reported. The most important features of the developed biocomposites will be discussed throughout the text in different sections, and several examples will be also commented on in detail.
Asunto(s)
Química/métodos , Química/tendencias , Ligandos , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/química , Proteínas/química , Adsorción , Materiales Biocompatibles , Biomimética , Carbohidratos/química , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Fenómenos Físicos , Polímeros/química , Unión Proteica , Proteómica , Extracción en Fase SólidaRESUMEN
This review describes different synthetic strategies towards sequence-defined, monodisperse macromolecules, which are built up by iterative approaches and lead to linear non-natural polymer structures. The review is divided in three parts: solution phase-, solid phase-, and fluorous- and polymer-tethered approaches. Moreover, synthesis procedures leading to conjugated and non-conjugated macromolecules are considered and discussed in the respective sections. A major focus in the evaluation is the applicability of the different approaches in polymer chemistry. In this context, simple procedures for monomer and oligomer synthesis, overall yields, scalability, purity of the oligomers, and the achievable level of control (side-chains, backbone, stereochemistry) are important benchmarks.
Asunto(s)
Química/tendencias , Polímeros/síntesis química , Sustancias Macromoleculares/químicaAsunto(s)
Química/tendencias , Plásticos/química , Plásticos/síntesis química , Animales , Plásticos Biodegradables/síntesis química , Plásticos Biodegradables/química , Plásticos Biodegradables/metabolismo , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Contaminantes Ambientales/efectos adversos , Contaminantes Ambientales/química , Humanos , Plásticos/efectos adversos , Plásticos/metabolismo , Andamios del Tejido/química , Administración de ResiduosAsunto(s)
Técnicas de Química Sintética , Química/métodos , Automatización , Productos Biológicos/síntesis química , Productos Biológicos/química , Química/educación , Química/tendencias , Técnicas de Química Sintética/instrumentación , Técnicas de Química Sintética/métodos , Industria Farmacéutica/educación , Paclitaxel/síntesis química , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/síntesis química , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/química , Recursos HumanosAsunto(s)
Química/instrumentación , Química/organización & administración , Cristalografía/instrumentación , Cristalografía/estadística & datos numéricos , Formulación de Políticas , Química/economía , Química/tendencias , Cristalografía/economía , Cristalografía/tendencias , Cooperación Internacional , Física/organización & administración , Física/tendencias , Política , Apoyo a la Investigación como Asunto , Sincrotrones/economía , Sincrotrones/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
This report offers a chronological review of the most relevant applications of information theory in the codification of chemical structure information, through the so-called information indices. Basically, these are derived from the analysis of the statistical patterns of molecular structure representations, which include primitive global chemical formulae, chemical graphs, or matrix representations. Finally, new approaches that attempt to go "back to the roots" of information theory, in order to integrate other information-theoretic measures in chemical structure coding are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Química/métodos , Informática/métodos , Teoría de la Información , Química/tendencias , Informática/tendencias , Estadística como AsuntoRESUMEN
Although sulfur dioxide (SO2) has been used as a reagent for organic chemistry for more than one hundred years, being endowed with quite a distinct and varied reactivity profile, which allows the synthesis of a large range of compounds, its notorious toxicity as well as its gaseous state have impeded its frequent utilization by chemists. We summarize recent studies in this emerging area aimed at stimulating its utilization in organic (including organometallic) chemistry thanks to the development of innocuous, bench-stable reliable SO2 donors. Proof-of-concept experiments have also been recently performed in biology with the design of organic SO2 donors having controlled release profiles under physiological conditions, either active against mycobacteria or used for clarifying the role of endogenously produced SO2 in living cells.
Asunto(s)
Dióxido de Azufre/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Biología/tendencias , Química/tendencias , Transporte de Electrón , Mycobacteriaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Oxidación-Reducción , Dióxido de Azufre/metabolismo , Dióxido de Azufre/farmacologíaAsunto(s)
Química , Diseño de Fármacos , Personal de Laboratorio , Química/historia , Química/tendencias , Historia del Siglo XXI , HumanosRESUMEN
The synthesis and biological annotation of small molecules from underexplored chemical space will play a central role in the development of drugs for challenging targets currently being identified in frontier areas of biological research such as human genetics.
Asunto(s)
Descubrimiento de Drogas/tendencias , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequeñas , Biología Sintética/tendencias , Química/tendencias , Diseño de Fármacos , Evaluación Preclínica de MedicamentosRESUMEN
With insights from a panel of experts, the Nature Chemical Biology editors examine the evolution and current era of chemical biology.
Asunto(s)
Biología/historia , Biología/tendencias , Química/historia , Química/tendencias , Biología Computacional , Genes abl/genética , Genómica/tendencias , Histonas/fisiología , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Espectrometría de Masas , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/fisiología , Edición , Interferencia de ARN , Bibliotecas de Moléculas PequeñasRESUMEN
The ability to alter cell identity with small molecules represents a powerful approach to restore biological function lost because of cellular deficiency. Developing this capability through advances in chemical biology could have an enormous impact on human health.
Asunto(s)
Transdiferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Química/tendencias , Medicina Regenerativa/tendencias , Animales , Transdiferenciación Celular/fisiología , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus/patología , Humanos , Recuperación de la Función , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Bibliotecas de Moléculas PequeñasRESUMEN
Computational approaches are an integral part of pharmaceutical research. However, there are many of unsolved key questions that limit the scientific progress in the still evolving computational field and its impact on drug discovery. Importantly, a number of these questions are not new but date back many years. Hence, it might be difficult to conclusively answer them in the foreseeable future. Moreover, the computational field as a whole is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity and so is, unfortunately, the quality of its scientific output. In light of this situation, it is proposed that changes in scientific standards and culture should be seriously considered now in order to lay a foundation for future progress in computational research.