High vitamin D status before conception, but not during pregnancy, is inversely associated with maternal gestational diabetes mellitus in guinea pigs.
J Nutr
; 144(12): 1994-2001, 2014 Dec.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-25342700
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Whether there is a dose-dependent effect of maternal dietary cholecalciferol during pregnancy on maternal glucose tolerance is unknown. In addition, circulating osteocalcin is increased by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] and may improve glucose homeostasis.OBJECTIVE:
This study was designed to test whether dietary cholecalciferol during pregnancy dose-dependently affects maternal glucose tolerance and maternal and neonatal glucose concentrations in relation to plasma osteocalcin and body composition.METHODS:
Female guinea pigs (n = 45; 4 mo old) were randomly assigned to 5 doses of cholecalciferol (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, or 2 IU/g diet) fed from mating to delivery. Plasma vitamin D metabolites, minerals, and osteocalcin, and blood glucose were measured before mating, at midgestation (day 42), and at day 2 postpartum in sows and in 2-d-old pups. At day 50 of pregnancy (early third trimester), a 3-h oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) (2 g/kg) was conducted. Body composition was measured before mating and at day 2 postpartum in sows and in pups.RESULTS:
A positive dose-response to dietary cholecalciferol was observed for change in maternal plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] through pregnancy (P < 0.0001), with 1,25(OH)2D increasing by 198% in the 1-IU/g group by midgestation vs. a reduction of 43.6% in the 0-IU/g group (P = 0.05). Twenty-four (54.5%) sows had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the basis of nonfed glucose and 39 (88.6%) had GDM on the basis of 2-h OGTT glucose concentrations. There were no group differences in maternal OGTT or changes in glucose, minerals, osteocalcin concentrations, and body composition. Pre-mating 25(OH)D was inversely related to 3-h area under the curve for blood glucose from the OGTT (r = -0.31, P = 0.05). In guinea pig pups, although both 25(OH)D (P < 0.0001) and 1,25(OH)2D (P < 0.0001) followed a dose-response to maternal diet, glucose, osteocalcin, minerals, and body composition were not altered.CONCLUSIONS:
Dietary vitamin D intake during pregnancy in guinea pigs does not affect the already high rate of GDM, whereas higher prepregnancy vitamin D status appears to be protective.Key words
Full text:
1
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Diabetes, Gestational
/
Cholecalciferol
/
Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Type of study:
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Animals
/
Pregnancy
Language:
En
Year:
2014
Type:
Article