[Prevalence of severe periodontal disease and its association with respiratory disease in hospitalized adult patients in a tertiary care center]. / Prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal grave (EPG) y su asociación con enfermedades respiratorias en pacientes adultos hospitalizados en un centro de tercer nivel.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Severe periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory gingival process associated with systemic diseases. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of severe periodontal disease and its association with respiratory diseases among hospitalized patients at the Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" (INER) in 2011. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was developed. The severe periodontal disease was diagnosed by the Department of Stomatology. The International Classification of Diseases 10th revision was used. A multinomial logistic was fit to estimate relative-risk. RESULTS: Three thousand and fifty-nine patients were included; 772/3,059 (25.2%) had severe periodontal disease. After controlling for age, sex, inpatient days, death, and socioeconomic status, the infectious respiratory diseases that were significantly associated with severe periodontal disease were HIV/AIDS (RR 10.6; 95% CI 9.1-23.3; p < 0.0001); pneumonia (RR 2.6; 95% CI 2.2-5.7; p < 0.0001); pulmonary tuberculosis and its sequels (RR 2.1; 95% CI 1.6-4.9; p < 0.0001); and lung abscess (RR 2.6; 95% CI 1.6-7.8; p = 0.002). Lung cancer and pleural diseases were also significantly associated with severe periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of severe periodontal disease was observed in the different respiratory diseases. Severe periodontal disease was associated with both infectious and non-infectious respiratory diseases. It is important to study an oral health intervention.