An encapsulated fibrin-based bioartificial tissue construct with integrated macrovessels, microchannels, and capillary tubes.

ABSTRACT

Facilitating sufficient nutrient and oxygen supply in large-scale bioartificial constructs is a critical step in organ bioengineering. Immediate perfusion not only depends on a dense capillary network, but also requires integrated large-diameter vessels that allow vascular anastomoses during implantation. These requirements set high demands for matrix generation as well as for in vitro cultivation techniques and remain mostly unsolved challenges up until today. Additionally, bioartificial constructs must have sufficient biomechanical stability to withstand mechanical stresses during and after implantation. We developed a bioartificial tissue construct with a fibrin matrix containing human umbilical vein endothelial cells and adipose tissue-derived stem cells facilitating capillary-like network formation. This core matrix was surrounded by a dense acellular fibrin capsule providing biomechanical stability. Two fibrin-based macrovessels were integrated on each side of the construct and interconnected via four 1.2 mm thick microchannels penetrating the cellularized core matrix. After 4 days of perfusion in a custom-built bioreactor, homogeneous capillary-like network formation throughout the core matrix was observed. The fibrin capsule stabilized the core matrix and facilitated the generation of a self-supporting construct. Thus, the encapsulated fibrin tissue construct could provide a universal prevascularized matrix for seeding with different cell types in various tissue engineering approaches.