Smartphone-Enabled Fluorescence and Colorimetric Platform for the On-Site Detection of Hg2+ and Cl- Based on the Au/Cu/Ti3C2 Nanosheets.

ABSTRACT

Smartphone-assisted fluorescence and colorimetric methods for the on-site detection of Hg2+ and Cl- were established based on the oxidase-like activity of the Au-Hg alloy on the surface of Au/Cu/Ti3C2 NSs. The Au nanoparticles (NPs) were constructed via in-situ growth on the surface of Cu/Ti3C2 NSs and characterized by different characterization techniques. After the addition of Hg2+, the formation of Hg-Au alloys could promote the oxidization of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) to generate a new fluorescence emission peak of 2,3-diaminopenazine (ADP) at 570 nm. Therefore, a turn-on fluorescence method for the detection of Hg2+ was established. As the addition of Cl- can influence the fluorescence of ADP, the fluorescence intensity was constantly quenched to achieve the continuous quantitative detection of Cl-. Therefore, a turn-off fluorescence method for the detection of Cl- was established. This method had good linear ranges for the detection of Hg2+ and Cl- in 8.0-200.0 nM and 5.0-350.0 µM, with a detection limit of 0.8 nM and 27 nM, respectively. Depending on the color change with the detection of Hg2+ and Cl-, a convenient on-site colorimetric method for an analysis of Hg2+ and Cl- was achieved by using digital images combined with smartphones (color recognizers). The digital picture sensor could analyze RGB values in concentrations of Hg2+ or Cl- via a smartphone app. In summary, the proposed Au/Cu/Ti3C2 NSs-based method provided a novel and more comprehensive application for environmental monitoring.