Probing diversity in freshwater fishes from Mexico and Guatemala with DNA barcodes.
J Fish Biol
; 74(2): 377-402, 2009 Feb.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-20735566
ABSTRACT
The freshwater fish fauna of Mexico and Guatemala is exceptionally diverse with >600 species, many endemic. In this study, patterns of sequence divergence were analysed in representatives of this fauna using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) DNA barcodes for 61 species in 36 genera. The average divergence among conspecific individuals was 0.45%, while congeneric taxa showed 5.1% divergence. Three species of Poblana, each occupying a different crater lake in the arid regions of Central Mexico, have had a controversial taxonomic history but are usually regarded as endemics to a single lake. They possess identical COI barcodes, suggesting a very recent history of isolation. Representatives of the Cichlidae, a complex and poorly understood family, were well discriminated by barcodes. Many species of Characidae seem to be young, with low divergence values (<2%), but nevertheless, clear barcode clusters were apparent in the Bramocharax-Astyanax complex. The symbranchid, Opisthernon aenigmaticum, has been regarded as a single species ranging from Guatemala to Mexico, but it includes two deeply divergent barcode lineages, one a possible new endemic species. Aside from these special cases, the results confirm that DNA barcodes will be highly effective in discriminating freshwater fishes from Central America and that a comprehensive analysis will provide new important insights for understanding diversity of this fauna.
Texto completo:
1
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Variación Genética
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Código de Barras del ADN Taxonómico
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Peces
Límite:
Animals
País/Región como asunto:
America central
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Guatemala
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Mexico
Idioma:
En
Año:
2009
Tipo del documento:
Article