Who gets a PEG? An analysis of simultaneous PEG placement during elective laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) is an infrequent adjunct in elective paraesophageal hernia repair (PEHR). Guidelines denote that PEG "may facilitate postoperative care in selected patients." Though there is sparse literature defining which patients may benefit. The purpose of this study is to determine factors associated with simultaneous PEG placement during PEHR and their subsequent outcomes. METHODS: The NSQIP database was queried from 2011 to 2016 for patients undergoing elective laparoscopic PEHR. Cases were excluded if PEHR or fundoplasty was not the primary procedure, a concomitant bariatric procedure was performed, or if the primary surgeon was not a general or cardiothoracic surgeon. Groups were Propensity Score Matched for age, BMI, and ASA Class. RESULTS: 15700 patients were identified, 371 who underwent simultaneous PEG placement (2.4%). Non-PEG patients were matched at a 51 ratio, producing 1855 controls. PEG patients had higher rates of pre-operative dyspnea (OR 1.45, p = 0.0110), pre-operative weight loss (OR 2.87, p = 0.0001), and lower pre-operative albumin (3.92 vs. 4.01, p = 0.0129). PEG patients had more intra-operative contamination (mean Wound Classification 1.54 vs. 1.38, p < 0.0001) and longer case durations (170 vs. 148 min, p < 0.0001). PEG patients had longer lengths of stay (3.4 vs. 2.5 days, p = 0.0001), rates of superficial SSI (OR 5.82, p = 0.0012), peri-operative transfusions (OR 2.68, p = 0.0197), and pulmonary emboli (OR 3.61, p = 0.0359). CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing simultaneous PEG during PEHR are more likely to have respiratory symptoms, markers of malnutrition, and intra-operative factors indicative of more technically challenging cases. These patients have longer hospitalizations, higher rates of superficial SSI, and more pulmonary emboli.