Environmental Transformation of Pharmaceutical Formulations: A Scientific Review.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol
; 77(2): 155-161, 2019 Aug.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31168646
ABSTRACT
Environmental pollution caused by pharmaceuticals and their transformation products (TPs) has become an increasingly important concern, due to the increased use of pharmaceutical formulations exposed to environmental change. Considerable concerns have been raised regarding potential toxic effects of the transformation products of pharmaceutical formulations on human health. Environmental risk assessments are mostly based on one active component, which causes different ecotoxicological effects, albeit the particular component is present in the environment as a part of a multicomponent mixture with different pharmaceuticals and excipients. The purpose of this review was to present the insight and new knowledge recently obtained by studies on the risk of pharmaceutical formulations, including all contained excipients, pharmaceuticals, and their transformation products exposed to the environment. Numerous studies have shown that the level of pharmaceuticals in the environment is below toxic concentration; however, long exposure to very low concentrations can still lead to harmful concentrations in biota. Accordingly, the findings of this study are expected to highlight the existing issues of the effect of pharmaceutical formulations to the environment, including TPs, and help to determine future research directions towards accumulating the data and improving ecological risk assessment.
Texto completo:
1
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Preparaciones Farmacéuticas
/
Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos
/
Ecotoxicología
Tipo de estudio:
Etiology_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Límite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Año:
2019
Tipo del documento:
Article