Pharmacokinetic profile of amoxicillin and its glucuronide-like metabolite when administered subcutaneously to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus).
J Vet Pharmacol Ther
; 43(2): 115-122, 2020 Mar.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31183878
ABSTRACT
Amoxicillin was administered as a single subcutaneous injection at 12.5 mg/kg to four koalas and changes in amoxicillin plasma concentrations over 24 hr were quantified. Amoxicillin had a relatively low average ± SD maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) of 1.72 ± 0.47 µg/ml; at an average ± SD time to reach Cmax (Tmax ) of 2.25 ± 1.26 hr, and an elimination half-life of 4.38 ± 2.40 hr. The pharmacokinetic profile indicated relatively poor subcutaneous absorption. A metabolite was also identified, likely associated with glucuronic acid conjugation. Bacterial growth inhibition assays demonstrated that all plasma samples other than t = 0 hr, inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 to some extent. Calculated pharmacokinetic indices were used to predict whether this dose could attain a plasma concentration to inhibit some susceptible Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. It was predicted that a twice daily dose of 12.5 mg/kg would be efficacious to inhibit susceptible bacteria with an amoxicillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 0.75 µg/ml such as susceptible Bordetella bronchiseptica, E. coli, Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. pathogens.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Phascolarctidae
/
Amoxicilina
/
Antibacterianos
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
Límite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Año:
2020
Tipo del documento:
Article