Syntheses of Tetrasubstituted [10]Cycloparaphenylenes by a Pd-catalyzed Coupling Reaction. Remarkable Effect of Strain on the Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination.

ABSTRACT

A small library of tetrasubstituted [10]cycloparaphenylene ([10]CPP) derivatives bearing alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl substituents was constructed by a Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction starting from tetratriflate [10]CPP 5 e, which was readily available in high yields on a >2 g scale. The CPP skeleton increases the reactivity of aryl triflate for oxidative addition to the Pd species, and 5 e is 10 times more reactive than its linear paraphenylene analogue, as determined by competition experiments. Theoretical calculations suggest that the accumulation of the small strain relief from each paraphenylene unit not involved in the reaction is responsible for the observed enhanced reactivity.