Diffracted X-ray blinking measurements of interleukin 15 receptors in the inner/outer membrane of living NK cells.

ABSTRACT

Interleukin 15 receptor (IL-15R) is a transmembrane signalling protein consisting of 3 subsets α, ß (IL-15Rß), and γ (γc). IL-2 and IL-15 share the signalling domains IL-15Rß and γc, although they bind to intrinsic α-subsets and non-signalling domains. Additionally, IL-2 and IL-15 play different roles; therefore, there have been many observations of the dynamic behaviours of IL-15R, which are linked to physiological functions. For more practical discrimination between IL-2 and IL-15, a study was designed and carried out in which α-subsets were removed and a cytoplasmic inhibitor was applied to create a simplified environment in which secondary signalling molecules were reduced. We also applied a new measurement method, diffracted X-ray blinking (DXB), to achieve higher accuracy (<0.01 Å). The dynamics of IL-2 binding (confined motion, max range = 0.71 Å) and IL-15 binding (normal motion) in live natural killer cells were different. We also confirmed. that DXB was a suitable method to quantitatively evaluate the transmembrane protein dynamics of inner/outer live cell membranes by labeling the extracellular domain since the measurements were dependent on the cytosolic environment.