Emerging and divergent roles of pyrophosphorylated nucleotides in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis.
PLoS Pathog
; 17(5): e1009532, 2021 05.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33984072
ABSTRACT
Bacteria inhabit diverse environmental niches and consequently must modulate their metabolism to adapt to stress. The nucleotide second messengers guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine pentaphosphate (pppGpp) (collectively referred to as (p)ppGpp) are essential for survival during nutrient starvation. (p)ppGpp is synthesized by the RelA-SpoT homologue (RSH) protein family and coordinates the control of cellular metabolism through its combined effect on over 50 proteins. While the role of (p)ppGpp has largely been associated with nutrient limitation, recent studies have shown that (p)ppGpp and related nucleotides have a previously underappreciated effect on different aspects of bacterial physiology, such as maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating bacterial interactions with a host, other bacteria, or phages. (p)ppGpp produced by pathogenic bacteria facilitates the evasion of host defenses such as reactive nitrogen intermediates, acidic pH, and the complement system. Additionally, (p)ppGpp and pyrophosphorylated derivatives of canonical adenosine nucleotides called (p)ppApp are emerging as effectors of bacterial toxin proteins. Here, we review the RSH protein family with a focus on its unconventional roles during host infection and bacterial competition.
Texto completo:
1
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Estrés Fisiológico
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Bacterias
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Infecciones Bacterianas
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Proteínas Bacterianas
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Difosfatos
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Fenómenos Fisiológicos Bacterianos
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Nucleótidos
Tipo de estudio:
Etiology_studies
Límite:
Animals
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Año:
2021
Tipo del documento:
Article