Clinical significance of the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in multiple myeloma patients with negative minimal residual disease: a single-center retrospective analysis.

ABSTRACT

Minimal residual disease (MRD) is a surrogate marker for survival in multiple myeloma (MM), while the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) is a prognostic factor associated with the patients' immunological status. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical impact of MRD negativity and LMR. MRD was analyzed by multicolor flowcytometry (threshold, 1 × 10-5). Fifty-eight patients (median age 70 years) who achieved complete response were included in this study. Twenty-two patients received autologous stem cell transplantation, 14 received daratumumab-based chemotherapy, and 22 received another treatment. Forty-one (70.7%) patients achieved MRD negativity. Over the median follow-up time of 15.1 months, PFS in MRD-negative patients was significantly longer than in MRD-positive patients (P = 0.020). In addition, a high LMR at MRD assessment was associated with MRD negativity (P = 0.019) and long PFS (P = 0.009). Finally, neither MRD negativity nor high LMR at MRD assessment was associated with significantly shorter PFS compared with MRD positivity or low LMR (P = 0.002). In conclusion, high LMR was associated with MRD negativity and can be used as a predictor of long PFS. Change of treatment strategy might be essential for patients with MRD positivity and high LMR at MRD assessment due to their short PFS.