Discovery and validation of metabolite markers in bloodstains for bloodstain age estimation.
Analyst
; 148(17): 4180-4188, 2023 Aug 21.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37526270
ABSTRACT
Bloodstain age estimation involves measuring time-dependent changes in the levels of biomolecules in bloodstains. Although several studies have identified bloodstain metabolites as markers for estimating bloodstain age, none have considered sex, age-related metabolomic differences, or long-time bloodstain age. Therefore, we aimed to identify metabolite markers for estimating the age of bloodstains at weekly intervals within 28 days and validate them through multiple reaction monitoring. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate, choline, and pyroglutamic acid were selected as markers. Seven metabolites were validated, including five previously reported metabolites, ergothioneine, hypoxanthine, L-isoleucine, L-tryptophan, and pyroglutamic acid. Choline and hypoxanthine can be used to differentiate bloodstains between days 0 and 14 after deposition at weekly intervals, whereas L-isoleucine and L-tryptophan can help distinguish bloodstains between 7 days before and 14 days after deposition. Evaluation of the changes in metabolite levels according to sex and age revealed that the average levels of all seven metabolites were higher in women on day 0. Moreover, the level of ergothioneine was significantly higher in elderly individuals than in young individuals at all time points. In this study, we confirmed the potential effectiveness of metabolites in bloodstains as forensic markers and provided a new perspective on metabolomic approaches linked to forensic science.
Texto completo:
1
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Manchas de Sangre
/
Ergotioneína
Límite:
Aged
/
Female
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Año:
2023
Tipo del documento:
Article