False-Reactive Fourth-Generation Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing in Cancer Patients.
Clin Infect Dis
; 78(3): 674-680, 2024 03 20.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37930789
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
The fourth-generation (4th-gen) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1/2 antibody/antigen (Ab/Ag) combination immunoassay currently used for HIV screening offers greater sensitivity than previous assays, but false-reactive results occur in up to 20% of patients. Large-scale observations in cancer patients are lacking.METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective study of cancer patients seen at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (March 2016-January 2023) who had reactive 4th-gen ARCHITECT HIV-1/2 Ab/Ag combination immunoassay results. We analyzed characteristics of patients with true-reactive and false-reactive results, defined based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria.RESULTS:
A total of 43 637 patients underwent 4th-gen HIV screening, and 293 had reactive 4th-gen HIV test results. Twenty-one patients were excluded because they did not have cancer. Among the remaining 272 patients, 78 (29%) had false-reactive results. None of these patients experienced delays in their cancer treatment, but 26% experienced mental distress. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified 5 predictors of having false-reactiveresults:
age >60 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.983; P < .0001), female sex (aOR, 6.060; P < .0001), race/ethnicity (Black aOR, 0.274; Hispanic aOR, 0.236; P = .002), syphilis coinfection (aOR, 0.046; P = .038), and plant alkaloids therapy (aOR, 2.870; P = .013).CONCLUSIONS:
False-reactive 4th-gen HIV test results occur in almost one-third of cancer patients. Physicians should be aware of the high rates of false-reactive HIV screening results in this patient population. These findings may have implications for counseling regarding testing, especially among those at low risk for HIV infection.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Infecciones por VIH
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VIH-1
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Neoplasias
Límite:
Humans
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Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article