Automatic Recognition of Auditory Brainstem Response Waveforms Using a Deep Learning-Based Framework.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Recognition of auditory brainstem response (ABR) waveforms may be challenging, particularly for older individuals or those with hearing loss. This study aimed to investigate deep learning frameworks to improve the automatic recognition of ABR waveforms in participants with varying ages and hearing levels. STUDY DESIGN: The research used a descriptive study design to collect and analyze pure tone audiometry and ABR data from 100 participants. SETTING: The research was conducted at a tertiary academic medical center, specifically at the Clinical Audiology Center of Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital (Beijing, China). METHODS: Data from 100 participants were collected and categorized into four groups based on age and hearing level. Features from both time-domain and frequency-domain ABR signals were extracted and combined with demographic factors, such as age, sex, pure-tone thresholds, stimulus intensity, and original signal sequences to generate feature vectors. An enhanced Wide&Deep model was utilized, incorporating the Light-multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model to train the recognition of ABR waveforms. The recognition accuracy (ACC) of each model was calculated for the overall data set and each group. RESULTS: The ACC rates of the Light-MLP model were 97.8%, 97.2%, 93.8%, and 92.0% for Groups 1 to 4, respectively, with a weighted average ACC rate of 95.4%. For the Wide&Deep model, the ACC rates were 93.4%, 90.8%, 92.0%, and 88.3% for Groups 1 to 4, respectively, with a weighted average ACC rate of 91.0%. CONCLUSION: Both the Light-MLP model and the Wide&Deep model demonstrated excellent ACC in automatic recognition of ABR waveforms across participants with diverse ages and hearing levels. While the Wide&Deep model's performance was slightly poorer than that of the Light-MLP model, particularly due to the limited sample size, it is anticipated that with an expanded data set, the performance of Wide&Deep model may be further improved.