[Prognostic value, at the onset of an asthma attack, of respiratory, hemodynamic, and acid-base equilibrium parameters]. / Valeur pronostique, au début d'une crise d'asthme, des paramètres respiratoires, hémodynamiques, et de l'équilibre acido-basique.

ABSTRACT

Sudden death is still a common complication of acute asthma. The authors analysed statistically the prognostic value of the respiratory rate (RR), the heart rate (HR), blood gases, systolic blood pressure (BP syst), and diastolic pressure (BP diast) and the amplitude of the P wave in lead II on the ECG, recorded at the beginning of the asthma attack. This retrospective study concerns two groups of patients distinguished on the basis of the severity of the attack (group I simple retrospective study concerns two groups of patients distinguished on the basis of the severity of the attack (group I simple attack; group II; status asthmaticus). A HR greater than 24 per minute, a P wave greater than or equal to 2.5 mm or a PaCO2 greater than or equal to 6.3 kPa (47.25 mmHg) are three highly sensitive and specific criteria of the evolution of the asthma attack towards a more severe form (status asthmaticus). Patients who present one or more of these parameters should be monitored in a respiratory intensive care unit in order to prevent avoidable sudden death.