Effect of Dietary Inorganic and Chelated Trace Mineral Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Skeletal Deformities of European Seabass and Senegalese Sole Post-larvae.

Trace elements such as Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn are essential minerals in fish diets, especially important at early larval stages. The chemical speciation of these elements directly influences their uptake efficiency and metabolic utilization. In order to optimize the form of trace elements incorporated into larval feed, two experiments were conducted using two commercial fish species, European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis), and two chemical forms (inorganic and glycinate chelates). Several fish performance parameters were measured, as well as bone status parameters to assess which form of mineral results in optimal fish biological performance. European seabass and Senegalese sole post-larvae were unresponsive (P > 0.05) to dietary treatments in terms of dry weight (DW), standard length (SL), relative growth rate (RGR) or feed conversion rates (FCR) when fed diets supplemented with chelated over inorganic trace minerals. This study suggests that replacing dietary inorganic mineral supplementation by their organic glycinate-chelated forms brings no beneficial effects on somatic growth and bone development in Senegalese sole and European seabass post-larvae fed high-quality commercial microdiets. Additionally, we show that mineral leaching from diets can be significant, but the use of chelated minerals can potentially mitigate this leaching phenomenon. Therefore, the selection of the dietary mineral form should take into account not only their economic value, but also their biological effect and environmental impact. Data generated in this trial provides new knowledge in trace mineral nutrition of early-stage marine fish.

Effect of Dietary Manganese and Zinc Levels on Growth and Bone Status of Senegalese Sole (Solea senegalensis) Post-Larvae.

Essential dietary trace elements, such as zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn), critically influence a wide range of physiological, metabolic, and hormonal processes in fish larvae and post-larvae. Despite their importance for normal fish growth and skeletal development, trace mineral nutrition has not been extensively studied in the early stages of development of fish. Post-larvae of an emergent aquaculture species, Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis), were the subject of this study in order to better understand the effects of diet supplementation of trace minerals upon fish larval development and performance. Sole post-larvae were fed a combination of organic Mn (45 and 90 mg kg-1 feed) and organic Zn (100 and 130 mg kg-1 feed) and survival, growth, mineral deposition rates, and vertebral bone status were assessed. Our results showed that although no significant effect was found on the growth performance of Senegalese sole post-larvae, Mn and Zn supplementation to a commercial microdiet for marine fish larvae at higher dietary levels (Mn at 90 mg kg-1 and Zn at 130 mg kg-1) improved larval survival, decreased the severity of vertebral malformations, and increased the deposition of Mn in bone.

Effect of Trace Minerals and B Vitamins on the Proliferation/Cytotoxicity and Mineralization of a Gilthead Seabream Bone-Derived Cell Line.

Trace minerals and vitamins are known modulators of bone metabolism, and dietary optimization of these components may improve skeletal development and reduce the occurrence of skeleton deformities in farmed fish. As for larval stages, mineral and water-soluble vitamin nutrition requirements are lacking in research efforts and knowledge is scarce. An in vitro cell system developed from gilthead seabream vertebra and capable of mineralization was used to assess the effect of B vitamins (thiamin and pyridoxine) and trace minerals (copper, manganese, and zinc in a sulfated and chelated form) on cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization. Dependent on dose, inhibition of cellular proliferation and/or cytotoxic effects was observed for all nutrients tested and LD50 values were determined: copper, 67.4-69.5 ppm; manganese, 20.9-29.8 ppm; zinc, 37.1-42.8 ppm in sulfated and chelated form respectively; thiamin, 6273 ppm; pyridoxine, 14226 ppm. ECM mineralization was enhanced by mineral (dose and form dependent) and vitamin (dose dependent) supplementation, at non-toxic concentrations below the determined LD50s. This in vitro work confirmed the mineralogenic action of trace minerals and water-soluble vitamins and provided valuable insights for subsequent in vivo nutritional trials.

Expansion of the interprofessional clinical practice of Primary Care nurses.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical practice of nurses in the interprofessional context of the Family Health Strategy. METHOD: Case study in a basic health unit of the city of São Paulo with a professional team of the Family Health Strategy and of the Family Health Support Center. Direct observation and interviews with thematic analysis and triangulation were conducted. RESULTS: Four empirical categories were identified: interprofessional actions guided by the logic of the user's health needs; interprofessional actions guided by the logic of expediting service; interprofessional actions with a biomedical approach and interprofessional actions with an integral/holistic approach. Six interprofessional actions that indicated the expansion of the clinical practice of the Family Health Strategy's nurses were also identified. CONCLUSION: The results express the world trend of interprofessional practice and expansion of the scope of practice of different professions, particularly that of nurses, which requires consolidation based on the population's health needs.

Expansion of the interprofessional clinical practice of Primary Care nurses / Ampliación de la práctica clínica de la enfermería de Atención Básica en el trabajo interprofesional / Ampliação da prática clínica da enfermeira de Atenção Básica no trabalho interprofissional

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the clinical practice of nurses in the interprofessional context of the Family Health Strategy. Method: Case study in a basic health unit of the city of São Paulo with a professional team of the Family Health Strategy and of the Family Health Support Center. Direct observation and interviews with thematic analysis and triangulation were conducted. Results: Four empirical categories were identified: interprofessional actions guided by the logic of the user's health needs; interprofessional actions guided by the logic of expediting service; interprofessional actions with a biomedical approach and interprofessional actions with an integral/holistic approach. Six interprofessional actions that indicated the expansion of the clinical practice of the Family Health Strategy's nurses were also identified. Conclusion: The results express the world trend of interprofessional practice and expansion of the scope of practice of different professions, particularly that of nurses, which requires consolidation based on the population's health needs.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la ampliación de la práctica clínica de la enfermera en el contexto interprofesional de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. Método: Estudio de caso en una unidad básica de salud de la ciudad de São Paulo con un equipo de profesionales de la estrategia de salud de la familia y el núcleo de apoyo a la salud de la familia. Se realizaron observación directa y entrevista con análisis temáticos y triangulación. Resultados: Se identificaron cuatro categorías empíricas: acciones interprofesionales orientadas por la lógica de las necesidades de salud del usuario; acciones interprofesionales orientadas por la lógica de agilizar la atención; acciones interprofesionales con enfoque biomédico, y acciones interprofesionales con enfoque integral/holístico. También se identificaron seis acciones interprofesionales en las que la enfermera participa, que evidenciaron la ampliación de la práctica clínica de la enfermera de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. Conclusión: Los resultados expresan la tendencia mundial de trabajo interprofesional y de ampliación del alcance de la práctica de las profesiones, en especial, de la práctica clínica de la enfermera, que requiere la consolidación a partir de las necesidades de salud de la población.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a ampliação da prática clínica da enfermeira no contexto interprofissional da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: Estudo de caso em unidade básica de saúde do município de São Paulo com profissionais de uma equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família e do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família. Realizaram-se observação direta e entrevista com análise temática e triangulação. Resultados: Foram identificadas quatro categorias empíricas: ações interprofissionais orientadas pela lógica das necessidades de saúde do usuário; ações interprofissionais orientadas pela lógica de agilizar o atendimento; ações interprofissional com abordagem biomédica e ações interprofissionais com abordagem integral/holística. Também foram identificadas seis ações interprofissionais nas quais a enfermeira participa, que evidenciaram a ampliação da prática clínica da enfermeira da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Conclusão: Os resultados expressam a tendência mundial de trabalho interprofissional e de ampliação do escopo de prática das profissões, em especial, da prática clínica da enfermeira, que requer a consolidação a partir das necessidades de saúde da população.