Bioavailability and systemic transport of oleanolic acid in humans, formulated as a functional olive oil.

Evidence of the pharmacological activity of oleanolic acid (OA) suggests its potential therapeutic application. However, its use in functional foods, dietary supplements, or nutraceuticals is hindered by limited human bioavailability studies. The BIO-OLTRAD trial is a double-blind, randomized controlled study with 22 participants that received a single dose of 30 mg OA formulated as a functional olive oil. The study revealed that the maximum serum concentration of OA ranged from 500 to 600 ng mL-1, with an AUC0-∞ value of 2862.50 ± 174.50 ng h mL-1. Furthermore, we discovered a physiological association of OA with serum albumin and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). UV absorption spectra showed conformational changes in serum albumin due to the formation of an adduct with OA. Additionally, we demonstrated that TRL incorporate OA, reaching a maximum concentration of 140 ng mL-1 after 2-4 hours. We conjecture that both are efficient carriers to reach target tissues and to yield high bioavailability.

Programa de intervención psicológica en futbolistas: evaluación de habilidades psicológicas mediante el CPRD / A psychological intervention programme for footballers: an evaluation of psychological skills through the CPRD

El entrenamiento psicológico es una forma más del entrenamiento deportivo que, poco a poco, se ha insertado en el método de trabajo de muchos deportistas y equipos deportivos. Se presenta la realización de un programa de entrenamiento psicológico con el objetivo de que los jugadores aprendieran técnicas y estrategias psicológicas y que las aplicaran para mejorar sus habilidades psicológicas, tanto en entrenamientos como en competición; además se pretendió conocer si se producían diferencias entre las puntuaciones en el CPRD tomadas al inicio de la intervención, y las tomadas al finalizar la misma. La muestra estuvo formada por 22 futbolistas pertenecientes a un club de fútbol profesional, con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 18 años que compiten en categoría juvenil y cadete. La intervención psicológica se realizó durante cinco meses, mediante un trabajo individualizado (voluntario) y un trabajo grupal (obligatorio). Los resultados indican que no hay diferencias significativas entre las puntuaciones iniciales y finales en los diferentes factores del CPRD (AU)

Psychological training is a form of sports training that is gradually inserting itself into the work methods of many athletes and sports teams. We present the implementation of a psychological training programme whose goal is for athletes to learn psychological techniques and strategies and apply them to improving their psychological skills, both during training and competition; we also sought to ascertain whether there were any differences between the CPRD scores taken at the start of the intervention and those taken at the end of it. The sample consisted of 22 footballers ages 14 to 18 from a professional football club who compete in the children’s and junior categories. The psychological intervention was conducted for five months through individualised (voluntary) work and group (obligatory) work. The results indicate that there were no significant differences between the initial and final scores on the different factors of the CPRD (AU)