A trait-based approach to determine the risks of Zn to the overall health status of native fish species Barbus meridionalis.

Fish adapt to changing environments by maintaining homeostasis or making energy trade-offs that impact fitness. We investigated the effect of Zn on the fitness and physiology of Barbus meridionalis, a native cyprinid fish species, under two exposure scenarios. The Osor stream's mine-effluent reach represented long-term (chronic) exposure, while the upstream reach served as a control/acute exposure. Acute exposure involved exposing B. meridionalis to 1mg/L Zn for 96 h in the laboratory. We examined physiological traits (Standard metabolic rate SMR, Maximum metabolic rate MMR, Absolute Aerobic scope AAS, Critical swimming capacity Ucrit) and antioxidant system, AS (Superoxide dismutase, SOD; Catalase, CAT; Glutathione peroxidase, GPX; Glutathione-S-transferase, GST; Glutathione, GSH; Thiobarbaturic acid reactive substances, TBARS) biomarkers. The results indicated that Zn had no significant effect on osmoregulatory cost (SMR) in either exposure scenario but impaired energetically costly exercise (low MMR). AAS reduction in both exposure groups suggested compromised energy allocation for life-history traits, evidenced by decreased locomotor performance (Ucrit) after acute exposure. Tissue-specific and time-dependent responses were observed for AS biomarkers. The fish exhibited ineffective control of oxidative damage, as evidenced by high TBARS levels in the liver and gills, despite increased CAT and GSH in the liver under acute conditions. Our findings demonstrate differential responses at the subcellular level between the two exposure scenarios, while trait-based endpoints followed a similar pattern. This highlights the utility of a trait-based approach as a supplementary endpoint in biomonitoring studies, which provides insights into impacts on individual fitness and population demography.

The effects of 100 nm pure boron nanoparticles on the primary antioxidant system of Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus).

In this study, the effects of 100 nm boron nanoparticles (B-NPs) on the primary antioxidant status of Nile tilapia were researched via analysis of enzyme activities and related gene expressions. This is a new study which focuses on the relationship between B-NPs and oxidative stress that contribute to the literature in terms of its scope. Fish (n = 15) for each group were exposed to three different concentrations as 5, 25 (n2) and 125 (n3) mg/L during 96 h to see the response of the primary antioxidant system. According to the results, SOD expressions differed in all treatment groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). CAT expressions were different in 5 and 125 mg/L groups compared to control and 25 mg/L groups (P < 0.05). GPX expressions were only different in 125 mg/L group (P < 0.05). The changes in enzyme activities of SOD and CAT were significantly different in 25 mg/L groups. GPX enzyme activities were not significant (P > 0.05). TBARS concentrations in 25 mg/L group were significantly different from those in the control and 125 mg/L groups (P < 0.05).

Effects of two different lipid emulsions on antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and parenteral nutrition- related cholestasis in premature babies, a randomized-controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Olive oil-soybean oil (OO/SO) based lipid emulsions (LE) lack ω-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid -EPA and docosahexaenoic acid- DHA, which have clinical benefits on inflammatory processes. Fish oil based LEs are good sources of DHA and EPA. Fish oil, MCT, Olive oil and Soya oil (FMOS) lipid is one of the fish oil containing LEs supplemented with high levels of α-tocopherol and lower levels of phytosterol compared to OO/SO lipid emulsions. We investigated the effects of OO/SO and FMOS lipid preparations on cholestasis, levels of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation. METHODS: Preterm neonates ≤32 gestational weeks age and/or ≤1500 g were randomly assigned to receive either FMOS or OO/SO in the first day of life. Catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in the first day of life, 7th day of lipid use and 28th day of life were measured and cholestasis during parenteral nutrition was recorded. RESULTS: 34 and 33 patients were in FMOS and OO/SO lipid groups respectively. Although the TBARS levels were higher in the first day of life and 7th day of LEs in OO/SO lipid group (p=0.014 and p=0.022), on the 28th day of life TBARS level was similar and SOD level was higher (p=0.014) in OO/SO group. Cholestasis was significantly lower in FMOS lipid group (0% vs. 18.2%), (p=0.011) and neonates regained birth weight earlier (p=0.006). There was no significant difference in other morbidities. CONCLUSIONS: FMOS and OO/SO lipid emulsions have similar effects on lipid peroxidation on 28th day of life and on morbidities in short term period except for cholestasis.

Response of the antioxidant enzymes of the erythrocyte and alterations in the serum biomarkers in rats following oral administration of nanoparticles.

In this study, Al2O3, CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were administered to mature female rats (Rattus norvegicus var. albinos) via oral gavage (0, 0.5, 5, 50mg/kg b.w./day) for 14days to investigate their effects on 14 serum biomarkers and 4 antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase) activities in the erythrocyte. Data showed that Al2O3 did not cause any significant (P>0.05) change in the parameters, except few cases, while CuO and TiO2 caused significant alterations in antioxidant system parameters of the erythrocytes. Activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase significantly decreased in CuO and TiO2 administered rats. Oppositely, glutathione peroxidase activity increased in CuO and TiO2 administered rats. There were no significant alterations in the activity of glutathione S-transferase in the erythrocytes. Levels of glucose, cholesterol, bilirubin, triglyceride, triiodothyronine (T3), estradiol, prolactin and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the serum altered after some of NP administrations, whereas cortisol, protein, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), thyroxine (T4) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in the serum did not change significantly after any of NP administration. There were outstanding increases in the levels of bilirubin and prolactin and decreases in the levels of triglyceride and estradiol. The present study demonstrated that the antioxidant enzymes in the erythrocyte were generally affected from copper and titanium NPs, while aluminium and copper NPs caused more significant alterations in serum biomarkers.