ABSTRACT
Therapeutic effects of green tea involve an inhibitory function of its constituent polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on cell signaling. The specificity and mechanism(s) by which EGCG inhibits cell signaling have remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate that green tea and EGCG induce suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) gene expression, a negative regulator of specific cell signaling pathways. In mouse immune cells, EGCG induces SOCS1 expression via an oxidative (superoxide) pathway and activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 transcription factor. EGCG inhibited SOCS1-regulated cell signaling, but this inhibitory effect was abrogated in cells deficient in SOCS1. These findings identify a mechanism by which EGCG inhibits cell signaling with specificity, mediated by induction of the negative regulator SOCS1.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Catechin/analogs & derivatives , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins/genetics , Tea/chemistry , Up-Regulation/drug effects , Animals , Catechin/pharmacology , Cells, Cultured , Gene Expression Profiling , Humans , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Signal Transduction/immunology , Structure-Activity Relationship , Superoxides/immunology , Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein , Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins/deficiency , Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins/immunologySubject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Asthma/therapy , Camping , Breathing Exercises , Child , Chronic Disease , HumansABSTRACT
The historical aspects, preoperative evaluation including preoperative note and postoperative flow sheet examples, and the surgical techniques of suprapubic and retropbuic prostatectomies are described in detail. These procedures allow relief from symptomatic prostatic hyperplasia with minimal morbidity and mortality.