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RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a newly-developed method in transcriptome research, it can afford more accurate transcription information and be more quickly by using Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. RNA-Seq has been widely used in various biological fields. Genuine traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), with good quality and therapeutic effect, were always praised highly and used by famous physicians. The geo-herbalism formation of TCM is based on the product of the gene expression at specific space and time. So it has been a research hotspot to analyze the mechanism of biosynthesis through RNA-Seq in the study on the secondary metabolism of medicinal plant. This article mainly illustrates the RNA-Seq and its advantages, it also discusses the potential application in genuine TCM, and it can provide useful information for other researchers.
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As the specific endangered medicinal plant in Xinjiang, resources and distribution of Ferula sinkiangen-sis are important for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development of Chinese medicine resources. The spa-tial distribution and resources of F. sinkiangensis were researched based on low altitude remote sensing and sample investigation. The results showed that the optimum working time for F. sinkiangensis monitoring by low altitude remote sensing was the nearby 5 hills, which covered about 0.88 km2. It was suggested that the fence area should be expanded for protection. According to the results of low altitude remote sensing, the amount of F. sinkiangensis in yellow (diameter exceeding 0.3 m) was about 3 191. However, the sample investigation on amount of F. sinkiangensis in yellow (diameter exceeding 0.3 m) was about 2 752. The error between them was 14%. The monitoring time and range for F. sinkiangensis by low altitude remote sensing were also ensured. It was concluded that low altitude re-mote sensing had the advantage of quickly receiving distribution situation of F. sinkiangensis, which can effectively evaluate dynamic changes of F. sinkiangensis in Xinjiang.
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Shennongjia is well known as the national treasure of traditional Chinese medicine resources at home and abroad. In order to provide Shennongjia with better protection of traditional Chinese medicine and promote the sustainable utilization of its resources, based on the specific analysis of She nnongj ia′s conservation status and available resources, we put forward primary strategies and specific measures for the sustainable utilization framework of Shennongjia traditional Chinese medicine resources, in view of resources conservation, development, utilization, as well as the resources administration.
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Objective: Analyze the ecological adaptable regions for the resource reservation and the expanding cultiva-tion of Quisqualis indica L. Methods: The Traditional Chinese Medicine Geographic Information System (TCMGIS) was used to analyze the ecological adaptable region. Results: The 17 provinces (city, municipalities) were the ecolog-ical adaptable region for Q. indica L. The 100% ecology similarity regions are mainly in 16 provinces (city, munici-palities), including Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian etc., which area accounts for 1 012 895.98 km2. Among these, the area in Guangxi province is the largest (195 313.64 km2), the second is Guangdong (150 276.36 km2), the following order is Hunan(128 925.29 km2), Fujian (101 471.16 km2) and Y unnan (100 660.83 km2). The 95%~100%ecology similarity regions is located in 16 provinces (city, municipalities), including Y unnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei province etc., which area accounts for 362 366.25 km2. The largest area is in Y unnan province (92 399.04 km2), followed by Sichuan(76 122.32 km2), Guizhou (43 902.38 km2), Hubei (31 760.32 km2) and Jiangxi (29 770.09 km2). Conclusion: The results are consistent with the survey results and the previous reports. To promote the develop-ment of Q. indica L. cultivation, the planting scientifically and quality evalution should be further conducted on the basis of the results by system analysis.
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This study was aimed to investigate the comprehensive ecological factors of Hippophae rhamnoides L. and their regional suitability in China. Based on field survey, specimen examination and literature investigation, ecologi-cal factors and appropriate production areas were analyzed by Traditional Chinese Medicine Geographic Information System (TCMGIS-II). The results showed that the proper region (with similarity of 95%~100%) of H. rhamnoides L. accounts for 737 994.71 km2, including 15 provinces/municipalities and 387 counties/cities. The largest area among them is Tibet autonomous region with area of 313 857.73 km2 (42.53%), followed by Sichuan province (223 987.02 km2, 30.35%), Gansu province (66 314.43 km2, 8.99%) and Shanxi province (4 237.79 km2, 0.57%). There are also certain appropriate production areas distributed in Liaoning province, Beijing, Chongqing and Hubei province. It was concluded that this system is much valuable to the recognition of the formation of the producing area, the division of adaptive area, introduction and acclimatization of medicinal materials. It also provided a scientific reference for the introduction and cultivation of H. rhamnoides L. Through further field study and experiments, these new areas have the potential to be developed into suitable production region of H. rhamnoides L. in the future.
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Quality variation and ecotype classification of Chinese herbal medicine are important scientific problems in Daodi herbal medicine research. The diversity of natural environmental conditions has led to form unique multi-Daodi, multi-product areas that produce particular Chinese herbal medicine. China is one of three big American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) producing areas worldwide, with over 300 years of application and 40 years of cultivation history. Long-term production practice has led to the formation of three big advocate produce areas in China: Northeast province, Beijing and Shandong. P. quinquefolium L. grown under certain environmental conditions will develop long-term adaptations that will lead to more stable strains (different ecotypes). P. quinquefolium L., can vary greatly in quality; however, the ecological mechanisms causing this variation are still unclear. Root samples were collected from four-year-old cultivated P. quinquefolium L. plants in the three major genuine (Daodi) American ginseng-producing areas of Northeast province, Beijing and Shandong province, China. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze the contents of eight ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rg2). Data for nine ecological factors, including temperature, moisture and sunlight, were obtained from the ecological database of Geographic Information System for Traditional Chinese Medicine. Soil samples from the sampling sites were collected. Effective boron and iron, available nitrogen and potassium, as well as other trace elements and soil nutrients, were determined by conventional soil physicochemical property assay methods. Analytical methods of biostatistics and numerical taxonomy were used to divide ecotypes of the three main Panax quinquefolium L. producing areas in China based on ginsenoside content, climate, soil and other ecological factors. To our knowledge, this is the first time that ecological division of P. quinquefolium L. producing areas in China has ever been conducted. The results show that there are two chemoecotypes of P. quinquefolium L. in China: ginsenoside Rb1-Re from outside Shanhaiguan, and ginsenoside Rg2-Rd from inside Shanhaiguan. Similarly, there are two types of climatic characteristics: inside Shanhaiguan (Beijing, Shandong) and outside Shanhaiguan (Northeast). This suggests that the formation and differentiation of chemoecotypes of P. quinquefolium L. is closely related to variability of the climatic and geographical environment. Additionally, ecological variation of the three main producing areas, characteristics of two climatic ecotypes, and soil characteristics are also discussed and summarized. These results provide experimental scientific evidence of the quality variation and ecological adaptation of P. quinquefolium L. from different producing areas. They also deepen our understanding of the biological nature of Daodi P. quinquefolium L. formation, and offer novel research models for other multi-origin, multi-Daodi Chinese herbal medicines ecotypes. In addition, the results demonstrate the critical need for improving quality, appropriate ecological regionalization and promoting industrialized development of P. quinquefolium L.
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The quality of Chinese herbal medicine is closely related to its producing region. In order to apply mathematical models to do a quantitative study on the suitability of Chinese herbal medicine, it is necessary to study on the ecological factors and the interpolation of climatic data, which influence the Chinese herbal medicine growth. The paper firstly studied the judgment standard of ecological index from the points of ecology and statistics, and how to calculate the optimum range values and the weight of each ecological factor. Secondly, meteorological element data is essential data in analyzing the suitable region of Chinese herbal medicine, and the spatial distribution of meteorological elements is closely related to terrain environment, so, in order to make the results close to true value by the greatest degree. The paper adopted multiple linear regression interpolation method which based on DEM. The paper distinguished the factor system of suitable region and interpolation on the point of datumization, and made a study on it about some key issues.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Biological , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Ecology , Environment , Geographic Information Systems , Models, TheoreticalABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the suitability of origin habitats of Notopterygium incisum, and provide theoretical basis of screening suitable areas for its large-scale cultivation.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Detailed field survey of N. incisum, spatial databases, and GIS technology were used for the habitats suitability assessment.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>More than 142 073 km2 in 118 counties of Sichuan, Tibetan, Qinghai and Gansu are the most suitable habitats for N. incisum in which more than 47% of the area is located in sichuan, and more than of 377 000 km2 in 266 counties are relative suitable for N. incisum in Sichuan, Tibetan, Qinghai, Gansu, Yunnan, Xinjiang, etc and 32% of the area is located in Sichuan.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Almost all the most suitable habitats are appropriate for germplasm conservation, wild population protection and regeneration due to the shortage of arable land, fragmentation of these alpine and subalpine ecosystems and sensitiveness of the environment changes. Therefore, large-scale cultivation of N. incisum could be developed in those relative suitable areas abundant in arable lands and labors, especially in moutainous regions with high elevation in the west of Sichuan province, and Qinghai Tibet plateau in the northwest of Sichuan, Southeast of Qinghai and Gansu province.</p>