ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: As one of the most common allergic diseases, allergic rhinitis (AR) has attracted wide attention all over the world. More appropriate treatment of AR should be explored thoroughly. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has attracted more attention in AR treatment. As a classical Chinese medicine prescription, Xiaoqinglong decoction (XQLD) has been commonly used in treating AR. Even though its therapeutic effect on AR has been clinically confirmed, more molecular mechanism remains to be further investigated. Our research aimed to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of XQLD for AR management. METHODS: The study was evaluated in an ovalbumin sensitized mouse model and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was adopted to test the stability of XQLD's effective components. RESULTS: The results confirmed the stability and safety of the effective components of XQLD. XQLD significantly downregulated the expression of HDACs (HDAC1, HDAC3, and HDAC4) and Th2 inflammatory factors (IL4, IL5, and IL13) in AR mice. XQLD and the HDAC inhibitor JNJ-26481585 promoted the expression of epithelial tight junction proteins (claudin-1 and ZO-1) and decreased the expression of mucins (Muc5ac and Muc5b) in the nasal mucosa of AR mice. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our findings present the beneficial effects of XQLD on AR and recovery of the nasal epithelium. We also identify the decreased HDAC as a potential target of XQLD for AR treatment. This study provides an important experimental proof for elucidating the therapeutic mechanism of XQLD.
Subject(s)
Rhinitis, Allergic , Mice , Animals , Down-Regulation , Rhinitis, Allergic/drug therapy , Rhinitis, Allergic/metabolism , Nasal Mucosa/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Mice, Inbred BALB C , OvalbuminABSTRACT
The abnormal deposition of the extracellular amyloid-ß peptide is the typical pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Strategies to reduce the amyloid-ß deposition effectively alleviate the neuronal degeneration and cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease. Danggui-Shaoyao-San has been considered a useful therapeutic agent known for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanism of Danggui-Shaoyao-San for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease remains unclear. We investigated Danggui-Shaoyao-San's effect on amyloidosis and neuronal degeneration in an APP/PS1 mouse model. We found Danggui-Shaoyao-San alleviated the cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Additionally, Danggui-Shaoyao-San ameliorated the neuronal degeneration in these mice. Danggui-Shaoyao-San reduced the amyloidosis and amyloid-ß1-42 deposition in APP/PS1 mouse brain and down-regulated the receptor for advanced glycation end products, and up-regulated the level of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1. However, the protein expression of the ß-amyloid precursor protein, ß-Secretase and presenilin-1 (PS1) in the amyloid-ß production pathway, and the expression of neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme in the amyloid-ß degradation pathway were not altered. Our findings collectively suggest that Danggui-Shaoyao-San could ameliorate the amyloidosis and neuronal degeneration of Alzheimer's disease, which may be associated with its up-regulation lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 and down-regulation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Amyloidosis/drug therapy , Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1/drug effects , Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products/drug effects , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Down-Regulation/drug effects , Mice , Mice, Transgenic , Up-Regulation/drug effectsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of different processing methods on the content of luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside, acacetin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside, luteolin, and acacetin of Dendranthema morifolium. METHODS: The optimal conditions were achieved on phenomenex, synergi Fusion-RP (5 microm, 4.6 mm x 250 mm)analytical column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% phosphoric acid and detection wavelength set at 350 nm. RESULTS: The significant effect of different processing methods on the content of luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside, acacetin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside, luteolin and acacetin was proved. CONCLUSION: Different processing methods have significant effect on flavonoids of Dendranthema morifolium, it should be paid attention to drying temperature while sulphur fumigation.