Effects of Breathing Exercises in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Network Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to compare and rank the effectiveness of various breathing exercises for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases to determine the articles. STUDY SELECTION: Publications investigating the effect of breathing exercises on exercise capacity (six-minute walk test [6MWT]), pulmonary function (the ratio of the first second forced expiratory volume of forced vital capacity [FEV1/FVC]), quality of life (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire [SGRQ]), inspiratory muscle pressure (maximum inspiratory pressure [PImax]), and dyspnea (Borg scale) were searched. DATA EXTRACTION: Data extracted by 2 researchers were entered into predesigned tables for data extraction. The quality of the literature was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 43 RCTs involving 1977 participants were analyzed. To boost exercise capacity, the top 2 exercises were inspiratory muscle training (75%), Chinese traditional fitness exercises (13%); To improve pulmonary function, the top 2 exercises were Chinese traditional fitness exercises (32%), diaphragm breathing (30%); To raise patients' quality of life, the top 2 exercises were yoga (52%), diaphragm breathing (28%); To increase inspiratory muscle pressure, the top 2 exercises were pursed-lip breathing (47%), Chinese traditional fitness exercises (25%); To improve dyspnea, the top 2 exercises were yoga (44%), inspiratory muscle training (22%). CONCLUSIONS: Various breathing exercises for COPD patients confer benefits that manifest in diverse ways. Pulmonary rehabilitation specialists could administer personalized breathing exercises tailored to each patient's condition to attain optimal therapeutic outcomes.

[Analysis of Key Points of Technical Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fumigation Treatment Device].

Traditional Chinese medicine fumigation device is the carrier of traditional Chinese medicine fumigation treatment. In recent years, with the rapid development of new technology and new materials, the development of fumigation device changes with each passing day, and a variety of new products continue to emerge. However, at present, the lack of corresponding evaluation norms, resulting in some difficulties in the registration, marketing, quality control, evaluation scale and other aspects of the product. Some products have many disadvantages in clinical use. From the perspective of technical review, this paper elaborates and analyzes the main concerns in technical review, such as product structure, main risks, performance requirements, clinical evaluation, etc., in order to provide a basis for the design, development, production, registration, use and post-marketing supervision of the devices.

Research progress in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Retinitis Pigmentosa(RP)is a group of inherited retinal diseases characterized by progressive photoreceptor cells loss and pigment epithelial cell dysfunction. It is one of the most common disease worldwide which leads to blindness, and there were no effective treatments for RP in the past decades. Recently, lots of methods were considered effective to treat with RP, including stem cell therapy, gene therapy, neuroprotective therapy, nutritional therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, retinal transplantation and traditional Chinese medicine. In this review, we conducted a comprehensive analysis and assessment on the findings of the progress of RP treatment at domestic and overseas.

Evolution of the Single-Nanocrystal Photoluminescence Linewidth with Size and Shell: Implications for Exciton-Phonon Coupling and the Optimization of Spectral Linewidths.

The optimization of photoluminescence spectral linewidths in semiconductor nanocrystal preparations involves minimizing both the homogeneous and inhomogeneous contributions to the ensemble spectrum. Although the inhomogeneous contribution can be controlled by eliminating interparticle inhomogeneities, far less is known about how to synthetically control the homogeneous, or single-nanocrystal, spectral linewidth. Here, we use solution photon-correlation Fourier spectroscopy (S-PCFS) to measure how the sample-averaged single-nanocrystal emission linewidth of CdSe core and core/shell nanocrystals change with systematic changes in the size of the cores and the thickness and composition of the shells. We find that the single-nanocrystal linewidth at room temperature is heavily influenced by the nature of the CdSe surface and the epitaxial shell, which have a profound impact on the internal electric fields that affect exciton-phonon coupling. Our results explain the wide variations, both experimental and theoretical, in the magnitude and size dependence in previous reports on exciton-phonon coupling in CdSe nanocrystals. Moreover, our findings offer a general pathway for achieving the narrow spectral linewidths required for many applications of nanocrystals.

Formation of heterodimer nanocrystals: UO2/In2O3 and FePt/In2O3.

This Article reports a mechanistic study on the formation of colloidal UO(2)/In(2)O(3) and FePt/In(2)O(3) heterodimer nanocrystals. These dimer nanocrystals were synthesized via the growth of In(2)O(3) as the epitaxial material onto the seed nanocrystals of UO(2) or FePt. The resulting dimer nanocrystals were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy dispersion spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). The results from XRD and HRTEM clearly show that lattice strains exist in both of these dimer nanocrystals. Interestingly, the lattice of In(2)O(3) expands in UO(2)/In(2)O(3) dimers, whereas FePt/In(2)O(3) dimers exhibit compressed In(2)O(3) lattices. Using HRTEM and nanocrystal structure simulations, we have identified the crystallographic orientation of the attachment of the two segments in these two types of dimers. An unconventional Miller index was introduced to describe the crystallographic orientation of these heterodimer nanocrystals. On the basis of the results herein as well as those from other researchers, we propose an empirical law for the determination of the crystallographic attachment orientation in heterodimers: instead of growth on the facet of the seed nanocrystals where lattice mismatch is minimized, the growth of an epitaxial material often chooses the crystal facets where the first atomic monolayer of this material has the strongest affinity for the seed nanocrystals.

[Clinical characteristics of 7 patients with gestational diabetes insipidus].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical feature, treatment and prognosis of both the mother and the fetus with gestational diabetes insipidus. METHODS: A total of 7 cases of gestational diabetes insipidus collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou Combination of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Western Medicine Hospital, and Zhejiang Taizhou Hospital from June 1993 to June 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Seven cases symptoms all characterized by excessive thirst polydipsia and polyuria. The average 24 h urinary output was between 11 L to 13 L and manifested of hypobaricuria. After effective treatment (three cases were treated with 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, another three patients were managed with hydrochlorothiazide, and the last one was cured with antisterone), seven patients with gestational diabetes insipidus did not have any severe consequences. Their symptoms of excessive thirst, polyuria, and polydypsia disappeared from 7 days to 3 months after parturition. Urinary volume returned to normal standard of 1000-2000 ml during 24 hours. Specific gravity of urine recovered normally between a range 1.015-1.025 and serum sodium recovered between 135-147 mmol/L. The average duration of illness was 52 days. Eight newborn infants survived. Two of them were sent to neonatal intensive care unit for treatment. One was because of premature delivery caused by antepartum eclampsia, and the other case was one of the twins who had hydronephrosis. The baby of the first case left hospital after 3 weeks' treatment. The latter one's symptom disappeared 2 weeks after delivery. No obvious symptom was discovered among all the babies through follow-up telephone calls 42 days after childbirth. CONCLUSION: Gestational diabetes insipidus is a rare endocrinopathy complicating pregnancy. This disorder is characterized by excessive thirst, polydypsia, polyuria, hypobaric urine and electrolyte disturbances usually manifesting in the third trimester of pregnancy or puerperium. This is a transient syndrome. The first treatment of choice in patients with gestational diabetes insipidus is 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin and the second-choice is hydrochlorothiazide. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of the disease may reduce the hazard for both the mother and the fetus during perinatal period.