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Objective:To evaluate the correlation, consistency and safety of an smartphone application (APP) in screening neonatal jaundice using the smartphone based on the image-based bilirubin (IBB) and transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB).Methods:From July to October 2018, neonates with the age ≤28 d and gestational age ≥35 weeks who were admitted to Department of Neonatal and Obstetrics, Xuzhou Central Hospital without blue light phototherapy were recruited.They were randomly divided into two groups to measure the jaundice value of skin in front of sternum by a cross-control analysis.Jaundice level in group Ⅰ was first measured using the Nezhabaobei? APP in iPhone 6, and then measured using the JM-103 transcutaneous jaundice instrument as the control device.In group Ⅱ, jaundice level was sequencially measured by the control device and the Nezhabaobei? APP.Sex, age, gestational age, birth weight and the mean value of three consecutive tests were recorded.The Pearson′s correlation analysis, Bland-Altman plots consistency analysis, t test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 185 eligible neonates were enrolled, including 99 males and 86 females, with the median age of 5 d (3-8 d), gestational age of (37.6 ± 1.7) weeks, and birth weight of (2 950 ± 645) g. There were good correlation ( r=0.860, P<0.05) and consistency (95.1% of the samples fall within the 95% consistency interval) between IBB and TcB.Good correlation and consistency were also yielded in subgroup analyses based on the sex, age, gestational age and birth weight.The consistency was better in subgroups of ≤7 d, >37 weeks and>2 500 g. The ability of IBB to predict TcB>256.5 μmol/L was better than that of TcB>171.0 μmol/L.The area under the ROC curve was 0.93, the cut-off value was 232.6 μmol/L, the sensitivity was 96.7%, and the specificity was 82.6%.The difference of the mean values of IBB and TcB detected for 3 times was significantly lower than that obtained in the first measurement of IBB and TcB [(12.0 ± 34.4) μmol/L vs.(14.4 ± 38.6) μmol/L, P=0.038]. There were no adverse events and no defects in the device itself. Conclusions:There are good correlation and consistency between IBB and TcB.The ability of IBB to predict TcB>256.5 μmol/L is better than that of TcB>171.0 μmol/L, which is safe in clinical use.
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This study was designed to determine the metabolites of Zhali Nusi Prescription(ZLNSP) in rats. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometric(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) and mass defect filter techniques were applied to analyze the metabolites of ZLNSP in rat plasma, bile, urine and feces. The biological samples were analyzed by ACQUITY UPLC BEH T_3 column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 µm), with 0.1% formic acid water(A)-acetonitrile(B) as mobile phase, and the biological samples were analyzed in negative ion mode by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS). An analytical method for biological samples of rats was established, and 8 prototype components and 36 metabolites were identified. The results showed that the metabolic pathways of the main components of ZLNSP in rats included methylation, glucuronidation, sulfation and so on. It provi-ded information for the therapeutic effect of ZLNSP in vivo.
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Bile , Plasma , Administration, Oral , Animals , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Feces , Prescriptions , RatsABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the effect of Qizhu Zhenwutang on renal interstitial fibrosis in rats ligated with unilateral ureter， transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）/Smads and oxidative stress. Method:A total of 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， high-dose group， low-dose group and irbesartan group （n=6）. The left ureter ligation was performed in the model group and the treatment group. In the sham operation group， the ureter was not ligated， only the ureter was separated， and the abdominal cavity was closed. Rats in each group were given drugs by gavage on the next day after operation. Sham operation group and model group were given aseptic distilled water 10 mL·kg-1 by gavage， high-dose Qizhizhenwu Tang group was given 22.2 g·kg-1 by gavage， low-dose group was given 11.1 g·kg-1 by gavage， and irbesartan group was given 0.02 g·kg-1 by gavage. Rats in each group were sacrificed on the 14th day after operation， 24-hour urine was collected before sampling， and the total amount of 24 hour urine protein （24 h-Upr） was detected. Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta to detect serum creatinine（SCr） and blood urea nitrogen （BUN）. The tissues were stained with htoxylin eosin （HE） and Masson， and the pathological changes were observed under light microscope， immunohistochemical method was used to detect α-SMA， FN and Col-Ⅰ expressions. Western blot method was used to detect the expressions of TGF-β1， Smad3， p-Smad3 and NOX4. Result:Compared with sham group， SCr， BUN and collagen volume fraction （CVF），24 h-Upr in model group were all increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expressions of α-SMA， Col-Ⅰ， FN， TGF-β1， p-Smad3， NOX4 were higher （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， SCr， BUN and CVF were lower in high-dose group and irbesartan group （P<0.05）. 24 h-Upr was lower in high-dose group （P<0.05）， the expressions of α-SMA， Col-Ⅰ， FN， TGF-β1， Smad3， p-Smad3， NOX4 in traditional Chinese medicine treatment group were less （P<0.05）. Conclusion:Qizhi Zhenwutang can reduce the urinary protein of UUO rats， protect the renal function， and inhibit the occurrence and development of renal interstitial fibrosis， the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway and oxidative stress response.
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Objective To assess the accuracy of automated image－based bilirubin ( AIB ) of newborns or early infants obtained using a smartphone application called BiliScan for Newborn Jaundice . Method Jaundiced neonates (gestational age≥35 weeks) and early infants (postnatal age≤60 days) from out－patient or in－patient of our hospital during November 2016 to September 2017 were prospectively included.The total serum bilirubin ( TSB ), transcutaneous bilirubin ( TcB ) and AIB on chest were completed simultaneously on hospitalization , pre phototherapy, 0 h and 12 ～24 h after cessation of phototherapy for in－patients, and after diagnosis of breast－feeding jaundice for out－patients participants.The AIB were all detected by smartphone with an application of BiliScan for Newborn Jaundice .Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 20.0.Result A total of 296 sets of data were enrolled from 194 neonates or infants in this study.The accuracy of AIB was not inferior to the TcB (The difference between the mean of the absolute value of AIB －TSB and the absolute value of TcB －TSB was 0.77 mg/dl, 95% confidence interval were 0.63 ～0.91 mg/dl).These results of the subgroups from male and female term infants , postnatal age＞2 days and the value of TSB≤20 mg/dl were similar to the overall results.However, in the subgroup of TSB＞20 mg/dl, the accuracy of AIB was lower than that of TcB compared to TSB.There were good correlation (r＝0.824) and consistency (96.5% samples lay within the 95% limits of agreement ) between AIB and TSB.In the subgroup of 10 mg/dl ＜TSB≤20 mg/dl, the correlation and consistency between AIB and TSB were better than those of the subgroups of TSB ≤10 mg/dl and TSB ＞20 mg/dl. Furthermore, TSBs of 97.5% neonates were not beyond AIB plus 3.80 mg/dl.Conclusion When 10 mg/dl＜TSB≤20 mg/dl, the accuracy of AIB was not inferor to TcB , and the correlation and consistency between AIB and TSB were relatively superior.The application BiliScan for Newborn Jaundice was suitable for dynamic monitoring moderate jaundice of neonates and early infants at home.
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As traditional data management model cannot effectively manage the massive data in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) due to the uncertainty of data object attributes as well as the diversity and abstraction of data representation, a management strategy for TCM data based on big data technology is proposed. Based on true characteristics of TCM data, this strategy could solve the problems of the uncertainty of data object attributes in TCM information and the non-uniformity of the data representation by using modeless properties of stored objects in big data technology. Hybrid indexing mode was also used to solve the conflicts brought by different storage modes in indexing process, with powerful capabilities in query processing of massive data through efficient parallel MapReduce process. The theoretical analysis provided the management framework and its key technology, while its performance was tested on Hadoop by using several common traditional Chinese medicines and prescriptions from practical TCM data source. Result showed that this strategy can effectively solve the storage problem of TCM information, with good performance in query efficiency, completeness and robustness.
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Big Data , Information Storage and Retrieval , Methods , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the accuracy of the transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) at different sites including the chest (covered and uncovered),forehead and scapula,compared with total serum bilirubin (TSB) before and after phototherapy.Method Neonates who underwent blood test of TSB together with the average TcB at chest over 6 mg/dl from September 2015 to July 2016 in our Hospital were enrolled in our study.TcB measurements were done by the transcutaneous bilirubinometer (JH20-1 C) at the sites of the chest,forehead and scapula within 30 minutes after venous or arterious blood sampling for testing TSB after admission.An area of 2 cm diameter over the left chest was covered during phototherpy.TSB was tested immediately and within 12 ～ 24 hours after phototherapy,while TcB was measured within 0.5 hour after blood sampling at the covered sites over the left chest,right chest,forehead and scapula.IBM SPSS 20.0 software was used for data analysis.Data were compared via Pearson correlation analysis,ANOVA of repeated measurement data,student's t test and Bland-Altman analysis.Result A total of 437 data were collected from 364 neonates were enrolled in our study.Before phototherapy,the values of TcB at different sites were highly correlated and consistent with TSB (P ＜ 0.05),especially taken from the chest (the difference value of TcB and TSB-1.2 ± 2.3 mg/dl).Immediately and within 12 ～ 24 hours after the phototherapy,the values of TSB and TcB taken from the covered left chest showed the highest consistency (-1.2±2.3 mg/dl and-0.5 ± 1.6 mg/dl).When TSB exceeded 15 mg/dl before phototherapy,the difference between TSB and TcB taken from chest was 1.5 ± 1.6 mg/dl,while if TSB was below 15 mg/dl,the difference was-1.9 ± 1.9 mg/dl.They were significantly different (P ＜ 0.001).And difference between TSB and TcB taken from chest was not affected by gender gestational age,birth weight,days of birth and different measurements.When TcB taken from the covered or uncovered chest was less than the TSB threshold value of 3.3 mg/dl for phototherapyl,or the TcB of the left covered sternum lower than the threshold value of 2.6 mg/ml for cessation of phototherapy,97.5％ of the TSB would not exceed the corresponding value.Conclusion The TcB values of both uncovered chest before phototherapy and covered chest after phototherapy were highly consistent with TSB,and could be applied in the replacement of TSB in the assessment and management of neonatal jaundice.
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This study was aimed to reveal the material basis on different diseases of the same syndrome damp-heat syndrome from the level of metabonomics.The typical damp-heat syndrome patients diagnosed as chronic viral hepatitis B,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,or chronic glomerulonephritis were included,with 30 cases in each disease.There were 30 healthy volunteers in the control group.The serum samples were detected by UPLC-QTOFMS and GC-TOFMS.And then,the results were analyzed by variance analysis in order to find out the generality and specificity of metabolic material in three different diseases with damp-heat syndrome.The results showed that through comparisons of different diseases with damp-heat syndrome,as well as the healthy group as control,it was revealed that inosine,uridine,aspartic acid,oleic acid glyceride and lactate were the same substances of three diseases of damp-heat syndrome.It was concluded that based on metabonomics,as for three different diseases with damp-heat syndrome,there were different substances among different diseases,but common substances related to damp-heat syndrome.Thus,it provided objective evidences for the theory of different diseases of the same syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from the level of metabonomics.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of andrographolide (AD) on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of human gastric cells line BGC-823.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MTT assay, flow cytometry and Annexin-V/PI double-staining flow cytometry assay were used to evaluate the effect of AD on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of BGC-823 cells respectively. Optical microscope and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the cell morphological changes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A time- and concentration-dependent proliferative inhibition effect of AD was demonstrated in BGC-823 cells. AD concentration lower than 7.5 mg/L possessed weak inhibitory effect,while concentration between 15.0-60.0 mg/L possessed higher inhibitory effect. The concentration higher than 60.0 mg/L had no significant increase of inhibitory effect. IC50 of AD at 24, 48 and 72 h was (35.3±4.3), (25.5±3.5) and (18.2±2.7) mg/L respectively. Compared with the negative control group, the number of G0/G1 phase cells increased significantly (P<0.05), while the number of S and G2/M phase cells decreased after incubation with AD for 48 h, and the alteration was in a concentration-dependent manner. AD arrested BGC-823 cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. After incubation with 7.5, 10.0 and 15.0 mg/L AD for 24 h, the early apoptotic rates of BGC-823 cells were (19.3±4.7)%, (29.4±4.1)% and (52.7±6.7)% respectively, and the late apoptotic rates were (10.8±1.8)%, (10.9±4.7)% and (14.7±4.8)% respectively. Both the early apoptotic rates and the late apoptotic rates increased significantly compared to the control group (all P<0.05),and the alteration was in a concentration-dependent manner.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Andrographolide can inhibit BGC-823 cells proliferation, arrest BGC-823 cells in G0/G1 phase and induce apoptosis, and may be a potential traditional Chinese medicine with anti-cancer effect.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Adenocarcinoma , Pathology , Apoptosis , Cell Cycle , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Diterpenes , Pharmacology , Stomach Neoplasms , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the abnormal expressions of testicular reproduction-related genes induced by glycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) and the intervention with kidney-tonifying Chinese herbs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adult Balb/C male mice were fed on GTW at 30 mg per kg per d for 3 weeks to establish a model of reproductive dysfunction. The model mice were divided into different groups to receive intragastrical administration of saline (0.25 ml/d), GTW (30 mg per kg per d), Cistanche (10 g per kg per d), Rehmannia (10 g per kg per d), and Rehmannia + Cistanche (20 g per kg per d), respectively, once a day for 3 weeks. And a Cistanches pretreatment group was treated with GTW (30 mg per kg per d) and Cistanche (10 g per kg per d) for the same length of time. Then we detected the changed expressions of testicular reproduction-related genes Dzip1, Fas, c-jun and Wnt4 in each group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The model mice showed an obviously down-regulated expression of the Y chromosome microdeletion-related gene Dzip1, and up-regulated expressions of the germ cell apoptosis-related gene Fas, proto-oncogene c-jun, and signal transduction-related gene Wnt4. Intervention with Chinese herbs achieved different degrees of improvement of the mice's reproductivity, and the most obvious efficacy was observed with the combined use of kidney-yang tonifying Cistanche and kidney-yin nourishing Rehmannia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GTW exerts significant impact on reproduction-related genes. Both the kidney-yang tonifying drug Cistanche and kidney-yin nourishing drug Rehmannia can counteract some of the reproductive toxicity of GTW, while the combination of the two can further enhance the effect.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Cistanche , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Glycosides , Pharmacology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Testis , Metabolism , Tripterygium , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of oral alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplement on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV),supine systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in overweight/obese individuals.An 8-week double-blind,randomized,placebo-controlled and cross-over trial with a 4-week washout between cross-over periods.Methods Sixty-three males and 40 females aged 22-57 years old who met the inclusion criteria as (1) Han ethnicity;(2) 20-60 years old;(3) BMI≥25 kg/m2 and having at least one of the following risk factors:borderline hypertension (130 mm Hg≤SBP＜140 mm Hg and/or 85 mm Hg≤supine DBP＜90 mm Hg),dyslipidemia(fasting total cholesterol≥5.2 mmol/L or HDL-C＜1.04 mmol/L),or impaired fasting glucose (6.1 mmol/L≤fasting glucose＜7.0 mmol/L);(4)Not on any antioxidant gender.Group 1 received 8 weeks ALA (1200 mg/day) followed by 4-week washout period and followed by another 8 weeks placebo;while Group 2 received 8 weeks placebo (1200 mg/day)followed by 4-week washout period,and followed by ALA treatment for 8 weeks.BaPWV and supine blood pressure were measured at the beginning of 1st phase and 2nd phase and at the endpoint of the whole trial.Mixed effect linear regression model was performed to compare the change of baPWV and supine blood pressure between ALA group and placebo group.Results BaPWV decreased -33.03 cm/s ± 130.70 cm/s for ALA group and increased 5.66 cm/s ± 139.89 cm/s for placebo group,supine systolic blood pressure decreased -4.09 mm Hg±9.18 mm Hg for ALA group and -2.32 mm Hg±8.16 mm Hg for placebo group.Supine diastolic blood pressure decreased -1.29 mm Hg ± 6.55 mm Hg for ALA group and -0.48 mm Hg±6.63 mm Hg for placebo group.These three mix-effect models did not show significant effect of ALA treatment after adjustment on baseline values,sex,age,treatment sequence or period.Conclusion The current trial did not provide evidence that oral intake of ALA for 8 weeks had significant effects on lowering baPWV,supine systolic blood pressure or supine diastolic blood pressure.
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This study was to investigate the antiviral effects of a hot water soluble extract S-03 isolated from Isatis indigotica root on different subtypes of influenza A and B viruses in MDCK cell cultures, using plaque reduction, immunofluorescence and hemo-agglutination inhibition (HAD) assays. Chemical analysis of the extract S-03 showed that it contained high proportion of polysaccharides. The antiviral effects in vitro showed that the S-03 had no effect on different influenza viruses if the drug was used before virus adsorption, but S-03 showed obvious activities against influenza viruses if treatment after virus adsorption or direct reaction of drug and virus before virus adsorption. Hemagglutination inhibition assay showed that S-03 inhibited HA activities of different human influenza viruses (inhibition concentration ranged from 3.12 to 25 mg/mL), avain influenza viruses (inhibition concentration ranged from 25 to 50 mg/mL). The antiviral effects of S-03 on different influenza A and B viruses in vitro might be through the inhibition of the HA to prevent infection.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Cells, Cultured , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests , Influenza A virus , Influenza B virus , Isatis , Chemistry , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Plant RootsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the impact of glycosides of tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) on fertility, and the reversibility of this impact following intervention with cistanche deserticola (CD) and after withdrawal of GTW.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety adult male KM mice were equally and randomly divided into 9 groups: 5 GTW groups, treated with GTW at 45.0, 30.0, 22.5, 15 and 7.5 mg/kg x d, respectively, 2 CD groups, administered GTW at 30.0 and 7.5 mg/kg x d, respectively, a drug withdrawal group, given GTW at 30.0 mg/ kg x d, and a control group, given 1% CMC solution, all intragastrically for 20 days. Then they were mated with female mice at the ratio of 1:2 for 7 days, followed by another 20 days of medication, the GTW groups at the same doses, the CD groups given CD additionally at 10.0 g/kg x d and 2.5 g/kg x d respectively, and the withdrawal group given 1% CMC solution only. Again they were mated with the same females, and the pregnancy rate was observed after each mating.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pregnancy rate dropped with the increase of the dose and medication time of GTW, which was 0% at 40 d in the 45.0 mg/kg x d GTW group (P < 0.01), but rose from 25% at 20 d to 55% at 40 d in the 10.0 g/kg x d CD group, and from 25% at 20 d to 56 % at 40 d in the withdrawal group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The reproductive toxicity of GTW acts on male mice in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which can be reduced by Cistanche deserticola. The fertility of the male mice can be restored to normal 20 days after the cessation of GTW.</p>