Analysis of the Analgesic Effect, Emotion, and Safety of Esketamine in Cesarean Section Analgesia for Puerperae.

Objective: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of esketamine as an analgesic during cesarean section procedures. Methods: 102 puerperae undergoing cesarean section were divided into a control group and an esketamine (SK) group. Various parameters, including HR, MAP, and postoperative pain, were analyzed. Blood gas analysis and Apgar scores were assessed in neonates. Postoperative depression and satisfaction were evaluated in puerperae. Drug concentrations were measured using liquid-phase tandem mass spectrometry. Results: No significant differences in dimension levels were observed between the two groups (P > .05). However, the SK group showed better HR and MAP indicators at various time points, less postoperative pain, and better mental well-being on postpartum days 1, 3, and 7 (P < .05). Adverse reaction rates were similar between groups (P > .05), but postoperative satisfaction was significantly different (P = .027). Neonatal outcomes did not differ significantly (P > .05). In the SK group, SK2 and SK3 groups had better results compared to SK1 (P < .05). Conclusion: Esketamine during cesarean section stabilized vital signs, reduced pain, and improved well-being in puerperae without affecting newborns. Optimal dosage: 30 µg/kg/h esketamine, 15 ng/kg/h sufentanil.

RRLC-DAD-ESI-MS based and bioactivity guided phytochemical analysis and separation of coumarins from raw extracts of Trigonostemon lutescens.

As extensively active compounds, coumarins are rarely reported on the phytochemistry of the genus Trigonostemon. We herein proposed a fast strategy for analysis and separation of antitumoral active coumarins from the twigs of T. lutescens. Rapid Resolution liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RRLC-DAD-ESI-MS) analysis indicated the existence of coumarins in the twig extracts. Bioactivity guided phytochemical analysis assays revealed that the twig extract contained some active components that significantly inhibited cancer cell viability. Accordingly, a series of coumarins including a new furanocoumarin have been isolated from the twigs of T. lutescens by semi-preparative chromatographic separation. All compounds, especially furan-type coumarins, were reported for the first time from the genus Trigonostemon. The proposed strategy, by combining RRLC-DAD-ESI-MS based and bioactivity guided phytochemical analysis, exemplify a fast method for screening and identifying active components from raw extracts of herbs.

Lutescins A and B, two new ellagitannins from the twigs of Trigonostemon lutescens and their antiproliferative activity.

Two new ellagitannins, lutescins A and B (1-2), along with eight known compounds (3-10), were isolated from the twigs of Trigonostemon lutescens. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses as well as by comparison with literature data. Compounds 1 and 2 are the first examples of ellagitannins reported in Trigonostemon Genus, and their structures featured a hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) moiety less often as R configurations in natural products. In addition, all isolated compounds were tested for their inhibitory effects against HeLa, HCT116 and HepG2 cancer cell lines. Compounds 1, 2, 5 showed potent antiproliferative activity, compared with the positive control Cisplatin.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of biphenanthrenes from Liparis nervosa.

Three new biphenanthrenes, Liparisphenanthrenes A-C (1-3), along with three known ones were obtained from the ethanolic extract of Liparis nervosa (Orchidaceae) by bioactivity-guided fractionation. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. All the compounds obtained were tested in vitro for cytotoxic activities against stomach (HGC-27) and colon (HT-29) cancer cell lines. 1, 4 and 5 showed potent cytotoxicities to HGC-27 cell line with IC50 values of 8.21-9.95µmol/L, and 1 and 5 also exhibited potent cytotoxic activities to HT-29 cell line with IC50 values of 8.53-9.27µmol/L.

Callose synthase (CalS5) is required for exine formation during microgametogenesis and for pollen viability in Arabidopsis.

Callose (beta-1,3-glucan) is produced at different locations in response to biotic and abiotic cues. Arabidopsis contains 12 genes encoding callose synthase (CalS). We demonstrate that one of these genes, CalS5, encodes a callose synthase which is responsible for the synthesis of callose deposited at the primary cell wall of meiocytes, tetrads and microspores, and the expression of this gene is essential for exine formation in pollen wall. CalS5 encodes a transmembrane protein of 1923 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 220 kDa. Knockout mutations of the CalS5 gene by T-DNA insertion resulted in a severe reduction in fertility. The reduced fertility in the cals5 mutants is attributed to the degeneration of microspores. However, megagametogenesis is not affected and the female gametes are completely fertile in cals5 mutants. The CalS5 gene is also expressed in other organs with the highest expression in meiocytes, tetrads, microspores and mature pollen. Callose deposition in the cals5 mutant was nearly completely lacking, suggesting that this gene is essential for the synthesis of callose in these tissues. As a result, the pollen exine wall was not formed properly, affecting the baculae and tectum structure and tryphine was deposited randomly as globular structures. These data suggest that callose synthesis has a vital function in building a properly sculpted exine, the integrity of which is essential for pollen viability.