Use of Euphorbia balsamifera Extract in Precursor Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Bromocresol Green and Bromophenol Blue Toxic Dyes.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are attracting great attention for their use in various applications, along with methods for their green and facile production. In this study, we present a new eco-friendly approach based on the use of Euphorbia balsamifera extract (EBE) in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), which are then applied as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the efficient removal of water-based reactive dyes such as bromocresol green (BCG) and bromophenol blue (BPB). The as-prepared Ag-NPs are quasi-spherical in shape, with an average diameter of 20-34 nm. Diverse characterization methods, including X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, were used to analyze these Ag-NPs. The results reveal that water-soluble biomolecules in the Euphorbia balsamifera extract play an important role in the formation of the Ag-NPs. The removal of toxic dyes was studied under varied operational parameters such as Ag-NP dosage, initial dye concentration, pH, stirring time, and temperature. Under the optimum investigated conditions, nearly 99.12% and 97.25% of the bromocresol green and bromophenol blue dyes, respectively, were removed. Both BCG and BPB adsorption were found to adhere to pseudo-second-order kinetics (r22 = 1 and 0.995) and fit the Langmuir isotherm models well (R12 = 0.998 and 0.994), with maximal monolayer adsorption capacities of 20.40 and 41.03 mg/g, respectively. Their adsorption processes were observed to be intrinsically endothermic. The results confirm the potential of the Euphorbia balsamifera extract as a low-cost, nontoxic, and eco-friendly natural resource for the synthesis of Ag-NPs that may be useful in the remediation of hazardous dye-contaminated water sources.

Spectrophotometric determination of Zr(IV), Hg(II) and U(VI) in solution with their analytical applications: Structural characterization and molecular docking of the solid complexes.

Spectrophotometry was used to determine trace amounts of Zirconium(IV), Mercury(II) and Uranium(VI) in environmental, biological, pharmaceutical and industrial samples. The determination depend on the complexation reactions between albendazole reagent and metal ions [Zr(IV), Hg(II) and U(VI)] at 555 nm, 485 nm and 510 nm, respectively. The experimental conditions were explored to reach the optimum conditions for albendazole-metal ions interaction, including detection of a suitable wavelength, medium (pH), reagent concentration, surfactants effect, reaction time and temperature. Under optimum conditions, the complexes displayed apparent molar absorptivities of 0.8350 × 104, 0.6210 × 104 and 0.7012 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1; Sandell's sensitivity of 0.01092, 0.03230 and 0.03394 µg cm-2 and with linearity ranges of 1.0-120.0, 3.0-200.0 and 1.0-150.0 µg mL-1 for the developed methods, respectively. Furthermore, Elemental analysis, thermal analysis (TGA, DTG), IR, 1HNMR, spectroscopies, electrical molar conductivity and magnetic moment measurements were used to determine the structures and characteristics of the complexes. A careful examination of the IR spectra revealed that the ligand interacted with all of the metal ions described as a bidentate via the oxygen of the carbonyl of the ester moiety and the nitrogen atom of the heterocyclic CN group. An octahedral geometry for Zr(IV), Hg(II) and U(VI) complexes has been postulated based on magnetic and electronic spectrum data. The band gap values indicated that these complexes were semi-conductors and belong to the same class of extremely effective solar materials. The albendazole ligand and its complexes have been biologically tested against a variety of bacterial and fungal strains, and molecular docking studies have been conducted to evaluate the optimal binding site and its inhibitory action.

Synthesis, spectral, DFT modeling, cytotoxicity and microbial studies of novel Zr(IV), Ce(IV) and U(VI) piroxicam complexes.

The Zr(IV), Ce(IV) and U(VI) piroxicam anti-inflammatory drug complexes were prepared and characterized using elemental analyses, conductance, IR, UV-Vis, magnetic moment, IHNMR and thermal analysis. The ratio of metal: Pir is found to be 1:2 in all complexes estimated by using molar ratio method. The conductance data reveal that Zr(IV) and U(VI) chelates are non-electrolytes except Ce(IV) complex is electrolyte. Infrared spectroscopic confirm that the Pir behaves as a bidentate ligand co-ordinated to the metal ions via the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of ν(CO)carbonyl and ν(CN)pyridyl, respectively. The kinetic parameters of thermogravimetric and its differential, such as activation energy, entropy of activation, enthalpy of activation, and Gibbs free energy evaluated using Coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzger equations for Pir and complexes. The geometry of the piroxicam drug in the Free State differs significantly from that in the metal complex. In the time of metal ion-drug bond formation the drug switches-on from the closed structure (equilibrium geometry) to the open one. The antimicrobial tests were assessed towards some types of bacteria and fungi. The in vitro cell cytotoxicity of the complexes in comparison with Pir against colon carcinoma (HCT-116) cell line was measured.