ABSTRACT
Annatto is a pigment derived from the seeds of Bixa orellana. It has been used from antiquity in South America and for over 100 years in Europe. It is now an important safe additive for a wide range of food, partly finding favour due to its natural origin.
Subject(s)
Food Coloring Agents/chemistry , Malvaceae/chemistry , Pigments, Biological/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Seeds/chemistry , Bixaceae , Carotenoids , Food Coloring Agents/isolation & purification , Humans , Indians, South American , Pigments, Biological/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Eight tropane alkaloids, anabasine and ursolic acid have been isolated from the newly-described species CRENIDIUM SPINESCENS. ANTHOCERCIS ILICIFOLIA possesses a similar alkaloid spectrum to that of A. LITTOREA to which it is taxonomically closely related. In alkaloid composition, A. GENISTOIDES is a variable species and the sample analysed here contained meteloidine as principal alkaloid. The alkaloids of CYPHANTHERA ODGERSII and C. TASMANICA are consistent with those of other species of the genus. At present, ursolic acid does not appear to be a useful characteristic for the classification of solanaceous taxa belonging to Anthocercideae.
ABSTRACT
Methanol extracts of bracken frond and rhizomes prepared using a metallic extraction vessel, were proved incapable of producing bracken poisoning in calves. Nevertheless, they contained appreciable quantities of pterosins and pterosides. Thus the poisonous principle(s) in bracken responsible for the toxicological effects are not associated with these major sesquiterpenoids of the plant.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/chemically induced , Indans/analysis , Indenes/analysis , Plant Extracts/poisoning , Plant Poisoning/veterinary , Sesquiterpenes , Animals , Bone Marrow/drug effects , Cattle , Leukopenia/chemically induced , Male , Plant Extracts/analysis , Plant Poisoning/blood , Thrombocytopenia/chemically inducedABSTRACT
Recent research suggests that, in addition to the well-documented occurrence of significant quantities of cocaine and related alkaloids in a limited number of species, the genus Erythroxylon will prove to be a rich source of tropane alkaloids. These bases are esters of a range of acids with tropine, 3 alpha, 6 beta-dihydroxytropane and 3 alpha, 6 beta, 7 beta-trihydroxytropane; the numbers are further increased by nor-derivatives, and stereoisomerism involving the C-3 hydroxyl of the tropane skeleton. The diterpenes of the genus also appear worthy of further study.
Subject(s)
Coca/analysis , Plants, Medicinal , Alkaloids/analysis , Alkaloids/pharmacology , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Diterpenes/analysisABSTRACT
A steroidal aglycone, isonuatigenin, has been isolated from the hydrolysate of unripe fruits of Solanum abutiloides. The acetylation of isonuatigenin in weak acid has been studied.