Comparison of Biological Characteristics of Different Paranasal Sinus Mucosa in Goats.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Prosthetic implants are the primary treatment for patients with edentulism. This study aims to explore and compare the biological characteristics of mucosal thickness and tensile strength of the paranasal sinuses (maxillary and frontal sinuses) in goats, thereby providing a theoretical basis and guidance for mucosa-related problems involved in maxillary sinus lifting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The paranasal sinus mucosa (maxillary sinus crest, maxillary sinus floor and frontal sinus mucosa) was obtained from the goats for use in maxillary sinus lifting. The mucosa was made into tissue section specimens and evaluated by a computer with built-in screenshot software and an optical microscope with a graduated eyepiece. A total of 3 readings were randomly selected and recorded. The mucosa was clamped with a laboratory-made clamp device. After connecting the push-pull meter, the mucosa exposed by the inner ring of the clamp device was pressed vertically and uniformly until it ruptured. The strength value was read and recorded. The left and right ends of the mucosa were connected with the clamp device; horizontal tension was applied evenly to the mucosa until the mucosa ruptured. The strength value was read and recorded. The normality test, analysis of variance, LSD pairwise comparison and linear regression were performed for each group of data. RESULTS: The thicknesses of the maxillary sinus crest mucosa, floor mucosa and frontal sinus mucosa in goats were 410.03 ± 65.97 um, 461.33 ± 91.37 um and 216.90 ± 46.47 um, respectively. There were significant differences between the maxillary sinus crest and frontal sinus and the maxillary sinus floor and frontal sinus (P < .05). The range of tensile strength of the maxillary sinus crest mucosa, floor mucosa and frontal sinus mucosa in goats was 0.48 ± 0.10 kg, 0.54 ± 0.11kg and 0.20 ± 0.05kg, respectively. There were significant differences between the maxillary sinus crest and frontal sinus and the maxillary sinus floor and frontal sinus (P < .05). Tensile strength was positively correlated with the thickness of the mucosa of the maxillary and frontal sinuses (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The mucosal thickness and tensile strength of the maxillary sinus crest and floor were greater than those of the frontal sinus mucosa. There was a positive correlation between the tensile strength and the thickness of the mucosa.

Selection for Oil Content During Soybean Domestication Revealed by X-Ray Tomography of Ancient Beans.

When and under what circumstances domestication related traits evolved in soybean (Glycine max) is not well understood. Seed size has been a focus of archaeological attention because increased soybean seed weight/size is a trait that distinguishes most modern soybeans from their ancestors; however, archaeological seed size analysis has had limited success. Modern domesticated soybean has a significantly higher oil content than its wild counterpart so oil content is potentially a source of new insight into soybean domestication. We investigated soybean oil content using X-ray computed tomography (CT; specifically, synchrotron radiation X-ray CT or SRX-CT) of charred, archaeological soybean seeds. CT identified holes in the specimens that are associated with oil content. A high oil content facilitates the development of small holes, whereas a high protein content results in larger holes. The volume of small holes increased slowly from 7,500 to 4,000 cal B.P. We infer that human selection for higher oil content began as early as 7,500 cal B.P. and that high oil content cultivars were well established by 4,000 cal B.P.