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1.
BMC Genomics ; 23(1): 750, 2022 Nov 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36368918

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Evolutionary divergence and speciation often occur at a slower rate in the marine realm due to the higher potential for long-distance reproductive interaction through larval dispersal. One common evolutionary pattern in the Indo-Pacific, is divergence of populations and species at the peripheries of widely-distributed organisms. However, the evolutionary and demographic histories of such divergence are yet to be well understood. Here we address these issues by coupling genome-wide SNP data with mitochondrial DNA sequences to test the patterns of genetic divergence and possible secondary contact among geographically distant populations of the highly valuable spiny lobster Panulirus homarus species complex, distributed widely through the Indo-Pacific, from South Africa to the Marquesas Islands. RESULT: After stringent filtering, 2020 SNPs were used for population genetic and demographic analyses, revealing strong regional structure (FST = 0.148, P < 0001), superficially in accordance with previous analyses. However, detailed demographic analyses supported a much more complex evolutionary history of these populations, including a hybrid origin of a North-West Indian Ocean (NWIO) population, which has previously been discriminated morphologically, but not genetically. The best-supported demographic models suggested that the current genetic relationships among populations were due to a complex series of past divergences followed by asymmetric migration in more recent times. CONCLUSION: Overall, this study suggests that alternating periods of marine divergence and gene flow have driven the current genetic patterns observed in this lobster and may help explain the observed wider patterns of marine species diversity in the Indo-Pacific.


Subject(s)
Palinuridae , Animals , Palinuridae/genetics , Nephropidae/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Genome , Gene Flow , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Phylogeny , Genetic Variation
2.
Fish Shellfish Immunol ; 94: 407-416, 2019 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31521784

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to investigate the antibacterial, immunostimulatory and antioxidant properties of different derivatives of Oliveria decumbens, in vitro and in vivo. The GC-MS spectrometry analysis showed γ-terpinene as the most frequent compound in essential oil, whereas carvacrol and thymol were the most common ones in aromatic water. Plant essential oil and hydroethanolic extract showed a positive in vitro bactericidal activity against Streptococcus iniae as evaluated by disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration methods. Also, in vivo resistance against S. iniae and immune and antioxidant responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were assayed after 60 days treatment with O. decumbens derivatives. Plant hydroethanolic extract and essential oil and their 1:1 combination were added to diet at 0 (negative control), 0.01, 0.1 and 1% (w:w). The plant aromatic water at doses of 0.0312, 0.0625 and 0.1250% were also used as bath treatment. The results showed that aromatic water at lowest dose was more effective than other treatments in increment of fish resistance against S. iniae (7.14% mortality in comparison with 50% mortalities in control fish) and modulation of post-challenge respiratory burst activity. The bactericidal activity and biochemical contents of skin mucus did not change significantly among treatments. The levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase antioxidant enzymes activities in spleen tissue were significantly higher in treatments received extract, essential oils and their combination in comparison to other groups, while treatments did not affect peroxidase level. In conclusion, administration of different derivatives of Oliveria decumbens showed remarkable antibacterial activity against streptococcosis and enhanced antioxidant status and post-challenge immunity in Nile tilapia.


Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Apiaceae/chemistry , Cichlids/immunology , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Streptococcus iniae/drug effects , Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemistry , Animal Feed/analysis , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Antioxidants/metabolism , Diet/veterinary , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Disease Resistance/immunology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fish Diseases/immunology , Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Serum/drug effects , Serum/immunology , Streptococcal Infections/immunology , Streptococcal Infections/veterinary , Streptococcus iniae/physiology
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