Identification of alpha-linolenic acid as a broad-spectrum antiviral against zika, dengue, herpes simplex, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Zika virus (ZIKV) has garnered global attention due to its association with severe congenital defects including microcephaly. However, there are no licensed vaccines or drugs against ZIKV infection. Pregnant women have the greatest need for treatment, making drug safety crucial. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acid, has been used as a health-care product and dietary supplement due to its potential medicinal properties. Here, we demonstrated that ALA inhibits ZIKV infection in cells without loss of cell viability. Time-of-addition assay revealed that ALA interrupts the binding, adsorption, and entry stages of ZIKV replication cycle. The mechanism is probably that ALA disrupts membrane integrity of the virions to release ZIKV RNA, inhibiting viral infectivity. Further examination revealed that ALA inhibited DENV-2, HSV-1, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection dose-dependently. ALA is a promising broad-spectrum antiviral agent.

Synthesis of calcium carbonate-loaded mesoporous SBA-15 nanocomposites for removal of phosphate from solution.

Removal of phosphate from water is very crucial for protecting the ecological environment since massive phosphorus fertilizers have been widely used and caused serious water deterioration. Thus, we fabricated a series of calcium carbonate-loaded mesoporous SBA-15 nanocomposites with different Ca:Si molar ratio (CaAS-x) as phosphorus adsorbents via a simple wet-impregnation method. The multiply approaches including X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, thermogravimetric mass spectrometry (TG-MS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) were used to characterize the structure, morphology, and composition of mesoporous CaAS-x nanocomposites. The phosphate adsorption efficiency of the CaAS-x nanocomposites was studied through adsorption and desorption batch tests. Results showed that the increases of Ca:Si molar ratio (rCa:Si) improved the phosphate removal capacity of CaAS nanocomposites, especially CaAS with the optimum synthesis molar ratio of Ca:Si as 0.55 showed the high adsorption capacity of 92.0 mg·g-1 to high concentration of phosphate (> 200 mg·L-1). Note that the CaAS-0.55 had a fast exponentially increased adsorption capacity with increasing the phosphate concentration and correspondingly showed a much faster phosphate removal rate than pristine CaCO3. Apparently, mesoporous structure of SBA-15 contributed to high disperse of CaCO3 nanoparticles leading to the monolayer chemical adsorption complexation formation of phosphate calcium (i.e., =SPO4Ca, =CaHPO4-, and =CaPO4Ca0). Therefore, mesoporous CaAS-0.55 nanocomposite is an environmental-friendly adsorbent for effective removal of high concentration of phosphate in neutral contaminated wastewater.