ABSTRACT
One of the basic questions of the art psychology is whether a personal motif is to be found behind works of art and if so, how openly or indirectly it appears in the work itself. Analysis of examples and documents from the fine arts and literature allow us to conclude that the personal motif that can be identified by the viewer through symbols, at times easily at others with more difficulty, gives an emotional plus to the artistic product. The personal motif may be found in traumatic experiences, in communication to the model or with other emotionally important persons (mourning, disappointment, revenge, hatred, rivalry, revolt etc.), in self-searching, or self-analysis. The emotions are expressed in artistic activity either directly or indirectly. The intention nourished by the artist's identity (Kunstwollen) may stand in the way of spontaneous self-expression, channelling it into hidden paths. Under the influence of certain circumstances, the artist may arouse in the viewer, consciously or unconsciously, an illusionary, misleading image of himself. An examination of the personal motif is one of the important research areas of art therapy.
Subject(s)
Creativity , Emotions , Individuality , Literature, Modern/history , Paintings/history , Psychoanalytic Interpretation , Sculpture/history , Self Disclosure , Art Therapy , Awareness , Communication , Europe , Fear/psychology , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Paintings/psychology , Rape/psychology , Sculpture/psychology , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Torture/psychologySubject(s)
Drug Overdose , Drug Users/history , Literature, Modern/history , Maternal Deprivation , Morphine Dependence , Music , Physicians/history , Psychiatry/history , Psychoanalysis , Suicide , Writing , Austria-Hungary , Family Relations , Father-Child Relations , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Hungary , Mother-Child Relations , Music/history , Narcotics/administration & dosage , Opium/administration & dosage , Paranoid Disorders/history , Writing/historyABSTRACT
Animal assisted therapy is a known preventive and interventive method which is held by the contribution of specially trained animals and professionals. One of its main indication fields is psychiatry. The purpose of this summary is to give an overview on the animal assisted therapy's background, possible uses and effectiveness with literature. It looks for the answer if this therapeutic method can be used for effectively easing the symptoms of specific psychiatric diseases and on which fields can it be used most effectively. Due to the data provided by literature it can be determined that the therapy supported by animals is able to give an effective help on the fields of various psychiatric supports, preventions, interventions and rehabilitations regardless of the age. It is mostly used in the case of depression, anxiety, addiction, schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Aside from these it could also be used effectively in the rehabilitation of victims of sexual abuse especially in the case of children. It can also play a role in the re-socialization of inadapted adolescences and adults, even with farmtherapy. Due to experiences the therapies supported by animals are effective on the following fields: improving social and communication skills, easing anxiety, improving mood, helping independent living, improving emphatic skills.
Subject(s)
Anxiety/therapy , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/therapy , Depression/therapy , Schizophrenia/therapy , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy , Adult , Animal Assisted Therapy/methods , Animal Assisted Therapy/standards , Animal Assisted Therapy/trends , Animals , Child , Dogs , Dolphins , Equine-Assisted Therapy , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , History, Ancient , Horses , Humans , Physician-Patient Relations , Socialization , Stress, Psychological/therapy , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Religion , Spirituality , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Humans , Hungary , United StatesABSTRACT
Psychiatric aspects of religiousness have been a rather neglected research area in the near past despite the paradigm change in the religiousness research. This change is manifested in the increase of the number of research studies as well as the great development of research methodology. In this review the authors explore the most important cross points of religiousness and psychiatry with data on mental and physical health, substance use, dimensional characteristics of religiousness, and related factors as well.