ABSTRACT
With the current opiate epidemic in the United States, there is renewed interest in evaluating non-opiate adjuvant medications as effective alternatives for the prevention and treatment of postoperative pain. A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials on Pub Med, Medline, and Embase was conducted looking on postoperative pain management from 2008 to 2018. Studies were included if they used a gabapentenoid with or without acetaminophen and evaluated supplemental opiate use. All adult (18 years or older) surgical populations were considered for inclusion, and fourteen clinical trials met inclusion criteria. Gabapentenoid dosing varied among studies. In nine of fourteen studies, there was a finding of superiority as compared to placebo in managing postoperative pain and decreasing supplemental opiate use. Pregabalin was used in twelve of the fourteen studies and gabapentin was used in two of the fourteen studies. Of the nine studies that found a benefit from using a gabapentoid, all included pregabalin. While the rate of adverse effects was low in all studies, it was found to increase as dosages increased. Results support that pregabalin has a role in decreasing postoperative pain intensity and supplemental opiate use; however, the optimal dose or dosing regimen is not yet well understood.