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Therapeutic Methods and Therapies TCIM
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1.
Can J Vet Res ; 78(2): 81-8, 2014 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24688168

ABSTRACT

Colostrum-replacement products are an alternative to provide passive immunity to neonatal calves; however, their ability to provide adequate levels of antibodies recognizing respiratory viruses has not been described. The objective of this study was to compare the serum levels of IgG at 2 d of age and the duration of detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (BVDV-2), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3) in calves fed maternal colostrum (MC) or a colostrum replacement (CR) at birth. Forty newborn male Holstein calves were assigned to the CR or the MC group. Group CR (n = 20) received 2 packets of colostrum replacement (100 g of IgG per 470-g packet), while group MC (n = 20) received 3.8 L of maternal colostrum. Blood samples for detection of IgG and virus antibodies were collected from each calf at birth, at 2 and 7 d, and monthly until the calves became seronegative. Calves in the MC group had greater IgG concentrations at 2 d of age. The apparent efficiency of absorption of IgG was greater in the MC group than in the CR group, although the difference was not significant. Calves in the CR group had greater concentrations of BVDV neutralizing antibodies during the first 4 mo of life. The levels of antibodies to BRSV, BHV-1, and BPIV-3 were similar in the 2 groups. The mean time to seronegativity was similar for each virus in the 2 groups; however, greater variation was observed in the antibody levels and in the duration of detection of immunity in the MC group than in the CR group. Thus, the CR product provided calves with more uniform levels and duration of antibodies to common bovine respiratory viruses.


Les produits de remplacement du colostrum sont une alternative pour fournir une immunité passive aux veaux nouveau-nés; toutefois, leur capacité à fournir des niveaux adéquats d'anticorps reconnaissant les virus respiratoires n'a pas été décrite. L'objectif de la présente étude était de comparer les niveaux d'IgG sériques à 2 jours d'âge et la durée de détection des anticorps contre le virus de la diarrhée virale bovine de type 1 (BVDV-1), le virus de la diarrhée virale bovine de type 2 (BVDV-2), le virus respiratoire syncitial bovin (BRSV), l'herpesvirus bovin de type 1 (BHV-1), et le virus parainfluenza bovin de type 3 (BPIV-3) chez des veaux nourris avec du colostrum maternel (MC) ou du colostrum de remplacement (CR) à la naissance. Quarante veaux nouveau-nés mâles de race Holstein ont été assignés soit au groupe CR ou MC. Les animaux du groupe CR (n = 20) ont reçu deux paquets de substitut de colostrum (100 g d'IgG par paquet de 470 g), alors que les animaux du groupe MC (n = 20) ont reçu 3,8 L de colostrum maternel. Des échantillons sanguins pour la détection d'IgG et d'anticorps contre les virus ont été prélevés de chaque veau à la naissance, à 2 et 7 j d'âge, et à chaque mois jusqu'à ce que les veaux deviennent séronégatifs. Les veaux dans le groupe MC avaient des concentrations d'IgG plus élevées à 2 j d'âge. L'efficacité d'absorption apparente d'IgG était plus grande dans le groupe MC que dans le groupe CR, bien que la différence ne fût pas significative. Les veaux dans le groupe CR avaient des concentrations plus élevées d'anticorps neutralisants envers BVDV durant les 4 premiers mois de vie. Les niveaux d'anticorps contre BRSV, BHV-1, et BPIV-3 étaient similaires dans les deux groupes. Le temps moyen pour atteindre la séronégativité était similaire pour chaque virus dans les deux groupes; toutefois, de plus grandes variations étaient observées dans les niveaux d'anticorps et la durée de détection de l'immunité dans le groupe MC comparativement au groupe CR. Ainsi, le produit CR a fourni des veaux avec des niveaux d'anticorps contre les virus respiratoires bovins communs plus uniformes et de plus longue durée.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).


Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/virology , Colostrum/immunology , Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral/immunology , Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral/immunology , Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/immunology , Parainfluenza Virus 3, Bovine/immunology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine/immunology , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Female , Immunity, Maternally-Acquired/immunology , Immunodiffusion/veterinary , Male , Neutralization Tests/veterinary , Random Allocation , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors
2.
Antivir Chem Chemother ; 22(4): 171-9, 2012 Jan 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22182713

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Animals persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) are a key source of viral propagation within and among herds. Currently, no specific therapy exists to treat PI animals. The purpose of this research was to initiate evaluation of the pharmacokinetic and safety data of a novel antiviral agent in BVDV-free calves and to assess the antiviral efficacy of the same agent in PI calves. METHODS: One BVDV-free calf was treated with 2-(2-benzimidazolyl)-5-[4-(2-imidazolino)phenyl]furan dihydrochloride (DB772) once at a dose of 1.6 mg/kg intravenously and one BVDV-free calf was treated three times a day for 6 days at 9.5 mg/kg intravenously. Subsequently, four PI calves were treated intravenously with 12 mg/kg DB772 three times a day for 6 days and two PI control calves were treated with an equivalent volume of diluent only. RESULTS: Prior to antiviral treatment, the virus isolated from each calf was susceptible to DB772 in vitro. The antiviral treatment effectively inhibited virus for 14 days in one calf and at least 3 days in three calves. Subsequent virus isolated from the three calves was resistant to DB772 in vitro. No adverse effects of DB772 administration were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate that DB772 administration is safe and exhibits antiviral properties in PI calves while facilitating the rapid development of viral resistance to this novel therapeutic agent.


Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Benzimidazoles/therapeutic use , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/drug therapy , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/drug effects , Furans/therapeutic use , Animals , Antiviral Agents/adverse effects , Antiviral Agents/pharmacokinetics , Benzimidazoles/adverse effects , Benzimidazoles/pharmacokinetics , Cattle , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/physiology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Resistance, Viral/drug effects , Drug Resistance, Viral/physiology , Furans/adverse effects , Furans/pharmacokinetics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Osmolar Concentration , Time Factors
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