Anticandida and antibiofilm activities of extract from Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. against Candida spp.

The pathogenic nature of infections caused by Candida spp. underscores the necessity for novel therapeutic agents. Extracts of Schinopsis brasilienses Engl are \ a promising source of agents with antifungal effects. This study aimed to assess the antifungal potential of the leaf extract of S. brasilienses. The antifungal activity was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations and fungicide concentrations (MIC and MFC). The antibiofilm potential was assessed by counting colony-forming units/mL. The study examined the inhibition kinetics of fungal growth and potential synergism between gallic acid or the extract and nystatin using the Checkerboard method. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through the MTT assay. The extract exhibited antifungal effect against all tested strains, with MIC and MFC ranging from 31.25-250 µg/mL. Gallic acid, the main isolated compound, displayed a MIC of 2000 µg/mL. The extract of S. brasilienses at 31.25 µg/mL inhibited the formation of biofilm by C. albicans and significantly reduced the mass of mature biofilm after 24 and 48 h (p < 0. 05). At a concentration of 125 µg/mL, the extract demonstrated significant inhibition of fungal growth after 6 hours. The combination of gallic acid or extract with nystatin did not exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effect. Furthermore, the extract did not induce cytotoxicity to a human cell line. The extract of S. brasiliensis demonstrates antifungal activity against Candida, generally exhibiting fungicidal action and capacity to inhibit biofilm formation as well as reduce mature biofilms. Additionally, the extract showed low cytotoxicity to human cells.

Anticandida and antibiofilm activities of extract from Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. against Candida spp

Abstract The pathogenic nature of infections caused by Candida spp. underscores the necessity for novel therapeutic agents. Extracts of Schinopsis brasilienses Engl are / a promising source of agents with antifungal effects. This study aimed to assess the antifungal potential of the leaf extract of S. brasilienses. The antifungal activity was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations and fungicide concentrations (MIC and MFC). The antibiofilm potential was assessed by counting colony-forming units/mL. The study examined the inhibition kinetics of fungal growth and potential synergism between gallic acid or the extract and nystatin using the Checkerboard method. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through the MTT assay. The extract exhibited antifungal effect against all tested strains, with MIC and MFC ranging from 31.25-250 μg/mL. Gallic acid, the main isolated compound, displayed a MIC of 2000 μg/mL. The extract of S. brasilienses at 31.25 μg/mL inhibited the formation of biofilm by C. albicans and significantly reduced the mass of mature biofilm after 24 and 48 h (p < 0. 05). At a concentration of 125 μg/mL, the extract demonstrated significant inhibition of fungal growth after 6 hours. The combination of gallic acid or extract with nystatin did not exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effect. Furthermore, the extract did not induce cytotoxicity to a human cell line. The extract of S. brasiliensis demonstrates antifungal activity against Candida, generally exhibiting fungicidal action and capacity to inhibit biofilm formation as well as reduce mature biofilms. Additionally, the extract showed low cytotoxicity to human cells.

Physical properties and antibacterial activity of herbal tinctures of calendula (Calendula officinalis L) and cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L)

Objective: To evaluate in vitro the pH, Brix and antibacterial activity of herbal tinctures of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) and cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.) against the following bacterial strains: Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 10557), Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 9758), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Eikenella corrodens (ATCC 23834). Material and Method: The strains were reactivated in agar Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and seeded in blood agar with BHI. Susceptibility tests were performed and the strains were incubated in microaerophilia (37 °C) for 48 h. Chlorhexidine at 0.12% was used as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. Dilution of the tinctures was carried out from 1:1 (pure form) to 1:64 in alcohol 70%, which is found in their composition, in order to evaluate a possible influence of alcohol on the antibacterial activity of the tinctures. O Bx readings were made by refractometry using an Abbe refractometer and the pH was measured using a digital pH meter. Results: The calendula tincture had pH=5.43 and 18 °Brix and cashew tree tincture had pH=7.2 and 17 °Brix. The cashew tree tincture did not presentantibacterial activity against S. oralis, but it inhibited the growth of all other bacteria up to the 1:64 dilution. The calendula tincture presented antibacterial activity against S. oralis up to 1:16 dilution (6.5 mm halo diameter); against S. mutans and S. salivarius up to 1:32 dilution (7 and 7.5 mm halo diameter, respectively); and against E. faecalis and E. corrodens up to 1:64 dilution. Alcohol 70% did not show any antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains. Conclusion: The tinctures of calendula and cashew tree have soluble solids, have different pH values and present a significant antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains, except for the cashew tree tincture against S. oralis, which was ineffective...

Avaliação da atividade antibacteriana das tinturas de Hamamelis virginiana L. e Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart. frente a bactérias bucais / Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Hamamelis virginiana L. andStryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart. tinctures against oral bacteria

Objetivo: Avaliar, in vitro, a atividade antibacteriana dastinturas de Hamamélis (Hamamelis virginiana L.) eBarbatimão (Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart.) sob as bactérias Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175),Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 10557) e Streptococcussalivarius (ATCC 9758). Materiais e Metodos: Utilizou-se aclorexidina 0,12% como controle positivo. Água destilada e álcool 70% foram escolhidos como controles negativos.Efetivou-se a diluição das tinturas desde 1:1 (forma pura)até 1:64 (D6) em álcool 70%, o qual está presente na fórmula das tinturas fitoterápicas. O meio de cultura bacteriana utilizado foi o Brain Heart Infusion (BHI), havendo as emeadura em placas de petri com auxílio de swabs.Realizou-se o teste de suscetibilidade e, em seguida, foram incubadas a 37°C, em microaerofilia, por 48 horas. O estudo foi realizado em duplicata e os halos foram mensurados como auxílio de um paquímetro manual. Resultados: O controle positivo apresentou halos de inibição de 16, 15, e 16 mmpara S. mutans, S. oralis e S. salivarius, respectivamente.Nenhuma das tinturas avaliadas, em quaisquer formas,diluídas ou puras, obteve halos de inibição para estas bactérias bucais. A água destilada e o álcool também não promoveram atividade. Conclusão: As tinturas da Hamamélise Barbatimão não apresentam atividade antibacteriana sobreS. mutans, S. oralis e S. salivarius.

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro the antibacterial activity ofthe Hamamelis (Hamamelis virginiana L.) and Barbatimão(Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart.) tinctures againstStreptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis(ATCC 10557) and Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 9758).Material and Methods: Chlorhexidine (0.12%) was used aspositive control. Distilled water and 70% alcohol were chosenas negative controls. The dilution of the tinctures was carriedout from 1:1 (pure form) to 1:64 (D6) in 70% alcohol, which isfound in the tinctures formula. The culture medium Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) was used, and microorganisms were inoculatedon petri plates using swabs. Plates were incubated at 37 ºC,in microaerophilia, for 48 hours. Tests were performed induplicate and halos were measured using a manual caliper.Results: The positive control showed inhibition halos of 16,15, and 16 mm on S. mutans, S. oralis and S. salivarius,respectively. None of the tinctures evaluated, in any form(diluted or pure), were found to show inhibition halos onthese oral bacteria. Distilled water and 70% alcohol did not exhibit activity. Conclusion: The tinctures of Hamamelis and Barbatimão did not demonstrated antibacterial activity on S.mutans, S. oralis and S. salivarius.

In vitro antibacterial and non-stick activity of extracts from leaves of Psidium guineense Sw. and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels on oralmicroorganisms / Atividade antibacteriana e antiaderente in vitro dos extratos das folhas de Psidium guineense Sw. e Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels sobre microrganismos orais

Objective: This study determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Adherence of hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves of strawberry guava (Psidium guineense Sw.) and of the jambolan (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 10557), Streptococcus parasanguis (ATCC 903), Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 7073), Streptococcus sp (ATCC 15300), and Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 9595). Methods: Strains were seeded on blood agar plates to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration by the agar-diffusion technique. The inclined tubes technique was used for Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Adherence evaluation in the presence of 5% of sucrose, in Mueller-Hinton broth. The same procedures were accomplished with the 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (positive control). Assays were performed in duplicate. The plates and the tubes were maintained in microaerophillia at 37ºC for 24 hours. Results: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration obtained for strawberry guava extract ranged from 275 to 1100 mg.ml-1. Jambolan values were 242.5 to 485 mg.mL-1; and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate were 75x10-3 to 9x10-3 mg.ml-1. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Adherence reported the following values : strawberry guava (1.81 to 28.94 mg.ml-1); jambolan (1.60 to 12.76 mg.ml-1) and 0.12% chlorhexidine didigluconate (4.93 x10-4 to 19.70 x10-4 mg.ml-1). Conclusion: It was concluded that the hydroalcoholic extracts from the leaves of P. guineense Sw. and S. cumini (L.) Skeels presented antimicrobial and nonstick effect on the tested lineages; further studies are needed to confirm these extracts to be natural antibacterial agents for use in controlling dental caries.

Objetivo: Determinar a Concentração Inibitória Mínima e a Concentração Inibitória Mínima de Aderência dos extratos hidroalcoólicos das folhas do araçá (Psidium guineense Sw.) e do jambolão (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) frente à Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 10557), Streptococcus parasanguis (ATCC 903), Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 7073), Streptococcus sp (ATCC 15300) e Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 9595). Métodos: As cepas foram semeadas em placas de ágar sangue para determinação da CIM pela técnica de ágar-difusão. Utilizou-se a técnica dos tubos inclinados para avaliação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima de Aderência ao vidro, na presença de 5% de sacarose, em caldo Mueller-Hinton. Os mesmos procedimentos foram realizados com o digluconato de clorexidina à 0,12% (controle positivo). Os ensaios foram realizados em duplicata. As placas e os tubos foram mantidos em microaerofilia a 37ºC por 24 horas. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente. Resultados: As Concentrações Inibitórias Mínimas obtidas para o extrato do araçá variaram de 275 a 1100 mg.ml-1. Para o extrato do jambolão apresentaram valores de 242,5 a 485 mg.ml-1. E quanto ao digluconato de clorexidina à 0,12% foram de 9x10-3 a 75x10-3 mg.ml-1. Quanto às Concentrações Inibitórias Mínimas de Aderência, registrou-se os seguintes valores: araçá (1,81 a 28,94 mg.ml-1); jambolão (1,60 a 12,76 mg.ml-1) e digluconato de clorexidina à 0,12% (4,93x10-4 a 19,70x10-4 mg.ml-1). Conclusão: Conclui-se que os extratos hidroalcoólicos das folhas de P. guineense Sw. e S. cumini (L.) Skeels apresentaram efeito antimicrobiano e antiaderente sobre as linhagens testadas, sendo necessários estudos complementares que confirmem ser estes extratos alternativas de antibacterianos naturais no controle da cárie dentária.