ABSTRACT
It has been shown that ultraviolet-B radiation induced acceleration of flowering and differentiation of sexual spike elements in barley. Increasing of pollen asynchronous development and variability of pollen grains with growing of pollen grain sterility were observed as well. The productivity of plants irradiated with UV-B radiation did not change. Considerable doses of irradiation resulted in decreasing of pollen sterility by intensification of haplontic cell selection. The influence of UV-B radiation on the plants can be considered as a genotoxical effects via formation of initial cell DNA damages and photoinduction.
Subject(s)
Hordeum/radiation effects , Ultraviolet Rays , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Hordeum/growth & development , Hordeum/physiology , Pollen/radiation effects , Reproduction/radiation effectsABSTRACT
The features of antimitotic substances as radioprotectors were studied. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that taxol revealed radioprotective features concerning the process of polymerization of irradiated microtubules. These results were the basis for the use of taxol and some other substances with high affinity for cytoskeleton proteins as potential radiomodificators in vivo. Experiments with cultivated fibroblasts revealed that colchicine significantly enhances radioactive injuries of cells while taxol and phalloidin manifest their radioprotective features.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/drug therapy , Radiation-Protective Agents/therapeutic use , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity , Brain/ultrastructure , Cattle , Colchicine/therapeutic use , Colchicine/toxicity , Cytoskeletal Proteins/drug effects , Cytoskeletal Proteins/radiation effects , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , L Cells/drug effects , L Cells/radiation effects , Mice , Microtubules/drug effects , Microtubules/radiation effects , Paclitaxel/therapeutic use , Paclitaxel/toxicity , Phalloidine/therapeutic use , Phalloidine/toxicity , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/pathology , Radiation-Protective Agents/toxicity , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Genotoxic effects during microsporogenesis and gametogenesis were studied in barley of the waxy strain grown on 3 experimental plots situated in the region of the Chernobyl disaster (plot 1 in the town of Chernobyl, plots 2 and 3 in the town of Yanov, 3 km away from the damaged power plant). It was determined that an increased level of radionuclide pollution and chronic irradiation during ontogenesis results in higher incidence of meiotic disturbances and abnormalities during formation of the male gametophyte. Incidence of waxy reversions in pollen grains depends on the activity of radionuclide pollutants as well. We suggest that selection affecting both diplont and haplont forms will provide for the absence of significant aberrations in subsequent plant generations.