ABSTRACT
The outbreak of jellyfish blooms poses a serious threat to human life and marine ecology. Therefore, jellyfish detection techniques have earned great interest. This paper investigates the jellyfish detection and classification algorithm based on optical images and deep learning theory. Firstly, we create a dataset comprising 11,926 images. A MSRCR underwater image enhancement algorithm with fusion is proposed. Finally, an improved YOLOv4-tiny algorithm is proposed by incorporating a CBMA module and optimizing the training method. The results demonstrate that the detection accuracy of the improved algorithm can reach 95.01%, the detection speed is 223FPS, both of which are better than the compared algorithms such as YOLOV4. In summary, our method can accurately and quickly detect jellyfish. The research in this paper lays the foundation for the development of an underwater jellyfish real-time monitoring system.
Subject(s)
Cnidaria , Scyphozoa , Humans , Animals , Algorithms , Computer Systems , Image EnhancementABSTRACT
The GABAB receptor (GABABR) agonist baclofen has been used to treat alcohol and several other substance use disorders (AUD/SUD), yet its underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate cortical GABABR dynamics following chronic alcohol exposure. Ex vivo brain slice recordings from mice chronically exposed to alcohol revealed a reduction in GABABR-mediated currents, as well as a decrease of GABAB1/2R and G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel 2 (GIRK2) activities in the motor cortex. Moreover, our data indicated that these alterations could be attributed to dephosphorylation at the site of serine 783 (ser-783) in GABAB2 subunit, which regulates the surface expression of GABABR. Furthermore, a human study using paired-pulse-transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) analysis further demonstrated a reduced cortical inhibition mediated by GABABR in patients with AUD. Our findings provide the first evidence that chronic alcohol exposure is associated with significantly impaired cortical GABABR function. The ability to promote GABABR signaling may account for the therapeutic efficacy of baclofen in AUD.
Subject(s)
G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels , Motor Cortex , Animals , Baclofen/pharmacology , G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels/metabolism , Humans , Mice , Receptors, GABA-B/metabolism , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Methionine sulfoxide reductase B (MsrB) is involved in oxidative stress or defense responses in plants. However, little is known about its role in legume-rhizobium symbiosis. In this study, an MsrB gene was identified from Astragalus sinicus and its function in symbiosis was characterized. AsMsrB was induced under phosphorus starvation and displayed different expression patterns under symbiotic and nonsymbiotic conditions. Hydrogen peroxide or methyl viologen treatment enhanced the transcript level of AsMsrB in roots and nodules. Subcellular localization showed that AsMsrB was localized in the cytoplasm of onion epidermal cells and co-localized with rhizobia in nodules. Plants with AsMsrB-RNAi hairy roots exhibited significant decreases in nodule number, nodule nitrogenase activity and fresh weight of the aerial part, as well as an abnormal nodule and symbiosome development. Statistical analysis of infection events showed that plants with AsMsrB-RNAi hairy roots had significant decreases in the number of root hair curling events, infection threads and nodule primordia compared with the control. The content of hydrogen peroxide increased in AsMsrB-RNAi roots but decreased in AsMsrB overexpression roots at the early stage of infection. The transcriptome analysis showed synergistic modulations of the expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species generation and scavenging, defense and pathogenesis and early nodulation. In addition, a candidate protein interacting with AsMsrB was identified and confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Taken together, our results indicate that AsMsrB plays an essential role in nodule development and symbiotic nitrogen fixation by affecting the redox homeostasis in roots and nodules.
Subject(s)
Astragalus Plant/physiology , Mesorhizobium/physiology , Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases/physiology , Plant Proteins/physiology , Symbiosis , Astragalus Plant/enzymology , Astragalus Plant/genetics , Astragalus Plant/microbiology , Conserved Sequence/genetics , Gene Expression Profiling , Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases/genetics , Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases/metabolism , Nitrogen Fixation , Oxidative Stress , Phosphorus/deficiency , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Plant Root Nodulation/physiology , Plant Roots/metabolism , Plant Roots/microbiology , Root Nodules, Plant/ultrastructure , Sequence Alignment , Symbiosis/physiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the antitumor effects of Chansu injection on transplanting- tumor of S(180 ) in mice and human colon cancer HT-29 in nude mice. METHODS: Using transplanting- tumor models of S(180 ) in mice and human colon cancer HT-29 in nude mice,the tumor inhibitive ratio(IR) of Chansu injection was determined and apoptosis was microscopically observed. RESULTS: Compared with tumor-negative control groups, IR at different dosage of Chansu in models of S(180) and HT-29 was 19.1% - 38.2% and 9.5% - 15.8% respectively,there was a dose-dependent relationship in models of S ( 180) (P< 0.05) and HT- 29 (P> 0.05). The tumor growth was markedly inhibited by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in model of S( 180) with IR of 70.7% and in model of HT-29 with IR of 67.1%, compared with control groups, both P< 0.01; apoptosis induced by CTX was markedly observed by in microscope examination. No significant side effects were shown in the study group. CONCLUSIONS: Chansu injection can significantly inhibit tumor growth in model of S(180), but not in model of HT- 29. Different type of tumor has different drug-sensitivity.
Subject(s)
Bufanolides/pharmacology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Sarcoma 180/drug therapy , Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays , Animals , Female , HT29 Cells , Humans , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred Strains , Mice, NudeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the antitumor effects of Chansu injection on transplanting- tumor of S(180 ) in mice and human colon cancer HT-29 in nude mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using transplanting- tumor models of S(180 ) in mice and human colon cancer HT-29 in nude mice,the tumor inhibitive ratio(IR) of Chansu injection was determined and apoptosis was microscopically observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with tumor-negative control groups, IR at different dosage of Chansu in models of S(180) and HT-29 was 19.1% - 38.2% and 9.5% - 15.8% respectively,there was a dose-dependent relationship in models of S ( 180) (P< 0.05) and HT- 29 (P> 0.05). The tumor growth was markedly inhibited by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in model of S( 180) with IR of 70.7% and in model of HT-29 with IR of 67.1%, compared with control groups, both P< 0.01; apoptosis induced by CTX was markedly observed by in microscope examination. No significant side effects were shown in the study group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Chansu injection can significantly inhibit tumor growth in model of S(180), but not in model of HT- 29. Different type of tumor has different drug-sensitivity.</p>