Effect of Traditional Chinese Non-Pharmacological Therapies on Knee Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review of Clinical Application and Mechanism.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) stands as a degenerative ailment with a substantial and escalating prevalence. The practice of traditional Chinese non-pharmacological therapy has become a prevalent complementary and adjunctive approach. A mounting body of evidence suggests its efficacy in addressing KOA. Recent investigations have delved into its underlying mechanism, yielding some headway. Consequently, this comprehensive analysis seeks to encapsulate the clinical application and molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese non-pharmacological therapy in KOA treatment. The review reveals that various therapies, such as acupuncture, electroacupuncture, warm needle acupuncture, tuina, and acupotomy, primarily target localized knee components like cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovium. Moreover, their impact extends to the central nervous system and intestinal flora. More perfect experimental design and more comprehensive research remain a promising avenue in the future.

New clerodane diterpenes from Tinospora sagittata var. yunnanensis.

Four new clerodane diterpenes, namely sagittatayunnanosides A-D (1-4), were isolated from the roots of Tinospora sagittata var. yunnanensis, together with two known compounds, tinospinoside C (5) and tinospinoside E (6). The structures of the four new compounds were well elucidated by extensive analyses of the MS, IR, and 1D and 2D NMR data. The cytotoxic and antifouling activities of compounds 1-6 were evaluated.

Phenolic glycosides from Ficus tikoua and their cytotoxic activities.

Four new phenolic glycosides, named 2-ethylene-3,5,6-trimethyl-4-phenol-1-O-ß-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-ß-d-glucopyranoside (1), 3-methoxy-4-O-ß-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-ß-d-glucopyranosylpropiophenone (2), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-O-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-3-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one (3) and 4-hydroxy-3,5-bis(3'-methyl-2-butenyl)benzoic acid-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside (4), were isolated from the ethanol extract of Ficus tikoua, together with six known compounds: 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol-1-O-ß-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-ß-d-glucopyranoside (5), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol-1-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside (6), 3-methoxy-4-O-ß-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-ß-d-glucopyranosylpropiophenone (7), baihuaqianhuoside (8), 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside (9) and 2-methoxy-4-allylphenyl-1-O-ß-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-ß-d-glucopyranoside (10). The structures of the four new compounds were elucidated by chemical methods and MS and IR, as well as 1D and 2D NMR analyses. The cytotoxicities of the 10 compounds against HeLa, K562, HL60 and HepG2 cell lines were assessed.

Two new sphingolipids from the leaves of Piper betle L.

Two new sphingolipids, pipercerebrosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the leaves of Piper betle L. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical degradation. These two compounds did not show significant cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell lines K562 and HL-60 in a MTT assay.

[Studies on the chemical constituents from the roots of Tinospora sagittata var. yunnanensis (II)].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Tinospora sagittata var. yunnanensis. METHODS: Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis. RESULTS: Seven compounds were isolated from the plant and their structures were identified as tinophylloloside (1), epitinophylloloside (2), 2-deoxycrustecdysone (3), polypodine B (4) , (+)-5'-methoxyisolariciresinol 3alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), geniposide (6), adenine (7). CONCLUSION: All compounds are isolated from the plant for the first time,and compounds 4, 5, 6 and 7 are isolated firstly from the genus.